

I don’t expect Marvel Comics spoilers, but I can’t stop the spoilers of toy manufacturers.
Funko Pop, the spoiler, directly announced the new series of "X-Men ’97" series "Red Queen" Madeline Phulel doll, which is the role of limited animation that Marvel Comics is currently building.
In previous Marvel Comics movies, this character has never appeared, which is the first show.
If you haven’t read comics, Madeleine may not be familiar with them, but she has two more famous names in Marvel Comics, the Red Queen and the Fairy Queen, which are villains in the X-Men.
Everyone may be more familiar with the ontology of the Red Queen. Phoenix Qin Gelei and Hong Huangshou are clones of Qin Gelei. In order to fight against the apocalypse, Mr. Jing Xie, the villain in the X-Men, got Qin Gelei’s DNA and cloned the Red Queen.
After the death of Phoenix Qin, the Red Queen, who has the same ability as Qin, became a substitute, and also gave birth to a child with the laser eye, which is the cable that appeared in the movie Death Attendant 2. Unfortunately, Qin didn’t die and came back, which directly led to the blackening of the Red Queen and signed an agreement with the devil to become a villain.
The Red Queen has almost the same ability as Chin, with telepathic ability, and even some memories of phoenix force and Chin, so her ability is very fate.
Because the dressing style after blackening is very bold, it is also a role that major cartoonists like to draw very much. Send some illustrations.
Wen Miao Xiao Zhu Rui Qi
Editor, Pig Ruiqi
As we all know, there are entertainment circlesA circle where money and people get togetherIt is also a place where many people want to squeeze in.
The life of the rich is hard for ordinary people to imagine. Today, we will take stock of the entertainment circle.Top ten invisible rich peopleUsually it’s not obvious, but in fact it’s rich enough to subvert your imagination and live in the quadrangle next to the Forbidden City.Wang Sicong will shout elder brother when he sees it.
So, how hard are these people? Who are these bosses respectively?Let’s see if there’s your idol in here.
Chun WuBorn in Brunei, the family isOne of the top ten wealthy families in Brunei, and also made friends with the royal family in Brunei.It has a very high status in China, and Chun Wu is even called by insiders."Prince Brunei"In fact, he is not the real prince of the royal family, but he is also very powerful.
Chun Wu’s childhood photos
Chun Wu, who grew up with a golden spoon, also had no choice.live in cloverInstead, I decided to make a career by my own efforts.
So when she grew up, Chun Wu stepped into the entertainment circle with her dreams, and through her years of efforts, she became a smash hit new generation idol., amazing the youth of a generation.
Chun Wu luxury house
Now 43-year-old Chun Wu seems to be"frozen age"In general, it still maintains the appearance of not losing small fresh meat.
Although he has faded out of the entertainment circle now, he is still living an ordinary life every day with a well-off family.beyond imaginationThe rich life.
Chun Wu luxury house
Some time ago, Chun Wu also exposed his own Brunei mansion on the social platform, covering an area.More than 1000 square metersIt’s as gorgeous as a palace, not to mention a luxury car, which has more clothes than our wardrobe.
Chun Wu luxury house
Yu-Ching Fei
Maybe everyone didn’t think that our little brother Yu-Ching Fei is also one.invisible richHe also has a little-known nickname, that is"Store King".
Yu-Ching Fei
First of all, he has earned a lot of money from his years of fighting in the entertainment circle. He used all this money to invest in real estate, almost where the performance went.Buy the house wherever you want.
Over the years, he has owned countless properties, and Yu-Ching Fei often does some charitable activities with the money earned from these properties.
Yu-Ching Fei
Hito
You can tell from here, Du Haitao.It’s definitely not as simple as it seems.
According to reports, in addition to his first-class hosting skills, Du Haitao has also invested in many commercial fields and they have all been very successful. The chain store real estate he runs alone has already been.Worth hundreds of millions.
Du Haitao and Shen Mengchen.
Rank of writers’ rich list
After writing novels and earning a lot of money, he began to switch to directing. He directed.Tiny timesThe series has successfully won billions of box office.
Jing M.Guo and the Little Age Actresses.
There is an overbearing president living in luxury in the play.Gongming, is a role modeled on himself. Even Yang Mi once could not help but say.Jing M.Guo’s life turned her imagination upside down.
Jing M.Guo
Jing M.Guo is also a business tycoon with six companies under his name.Former site of Wang Jingwei’s Fourth Aunt TaiI also bought a townhouse worth hundreds of millions. It is no wonder that Da Power can’t help but vomit, which simply subverts the imagination of ordinary people.
Jing M.Guo
Hu Bing
Not only acting and singing, Hu Bing is also a professional model withPerfect figure, tough guy imageHe has also successfully gone international, and his income is naturally no less than that of domestic artists and stars.
Hu Bing
In 15 years, Hu Bing once showed his cloakroom in a Japanese variety show, and the total value of clothes and accessories in his cloakroom actually exceeded.4 billion yen (200 million RMB)The degree of luxury is staggering.
Later, Hu Bing also introduced his watch collected for ten years in the program. This watch is still a customized version, which is inlaid with diamonds."HB" (Hu Bing)The English letters of the words are worth about 30 million yen (1.5 million RMB).
Ten years ago, in 2005, 1.5 million watches were bought as soon as they were bought. I have to say, it really is.be full of dashAh.
Kwok-Hing Choi
Cai Guoqing likes China traditional culture and loves to collect.Antiques, antiquesWait.
There is a special place for these antiques in his home. No matter what kind of antiques, there are almost all of them here.
Kwok-Hing Choi
Even friends who have been to Cai Guoqing’s home say that this is not a home, it is a complete one.Small "Forbidden City"!
Exhibition of jadeite products collected in Cai Guoqing.
Once he showed off his antique collection on a variety show, and at that time he took out a small handleless wine cup, which was valuable after appraisal.1.8 million.
Cai Guoqing’s small wine cup is worth 1.8 million.
It is hard to imagine the total value of the "Little Forbidden City" filled with various collections.
In addition, because I love China culture, Cai Guoqing’s travel car is also ours.Domestic Light Red Flag H9, only the price.400 thousandAbout.
Kwok-Hing Choi
Not only is her temperament elegant, but her hobbies are also so elegant. She really is a woman.A low-key invisible rich man.
Ren Quan plays Gongsun Ce.
Ren Quan’s impression on many people may still stay in the young Bao Qingtian.gongsun ceOn the body, I don’t know that he has already lived a super-rich life when he quit the entertainment circle.
In 1993, Ren Quan was admitted to Shanghai Theatre Academy, where he met his fellow villagers.Li Bingbing,Since then, the two have forged a profound friendship.
Li Bingbing issued a document for Ren Quan’s birthday celebration.
When I first graduated, there was no drama to shoot, and I was hungry all day long. In order to have a stable income, Ren Quan took 60,000 yuan (of which 40,000 was borrowed from Li Bingbing) and started to do business. At that time, I found that many students loved Sichuan food, so I opened one not far from the school.Spicy fish restaurant.
Ren quan kai de restaurant
With the growing business, Ren Quan’s investment projects are becoming more and more extensive, and it has also becomeThe owner of Jiaren fashion magazineAt that time, many stars wanted to break their heads and board.Jia renCover, but Ren Quan thought of the first cover candidate is Li Bingbing.
Ren Quan
Now Ren Quan has a wide range of fields from catering to real estate to beauty.More than 40 enterprisesThe actual control of, at the same time, he is stillOne of the shareholders behind Huayi BrothersThe value can be imagined.
chengru li
The first thing that many people think of when they see him isSix groups of major crimesIn addition to actors,Li chengruAnd this"Poisonous tongue"Said, once on the show also publicly Jing M.Guo, some people say that may be the program group to pay, make the program effect.
If it’s another star, I believe it. If it’s Li Chengru,I really don’t need this money.
As early as the last century, when many families in our country were still riding bicycles, people had already driven Mercedes-Benz cars, and according to early interviews,Li Chengru’s home is next to the Forbidden City.It’s less than ten minutes’ walk.
andThe 1990sAt that time, Li Chengru also opened a shopping mall in the most prosperous area of Beijing, earning as much as 500 thousand to 600 thousand a day.The annual income is hundreds of millions.
You know, it was the 1990 s, and many people’s wages were generally one or two hundred a month, and three or five hundred were considered high wages.
Li Chengru also said in the interview that he was in the past.A pair of socks costs hundreds of dollars to cover the average person’s monthly salary.A coat costs tens of thousands of yuan.
At that time, everyone who could get 10 thousand yuan at home belonged to ten thousand households with a very good life, while Li Chengru needed tens of thousands of clothes in the 1990 s. .
Li chengru
Although he was later worth hundreds of millions because of his investment failure.Lost everything.
But the thin camel is always bigger than the horse, and a set of quadrangles in Li Chengru’s house next to the Forbidden City are priceless, even you.Money can’t buy it.
Li Chengru’s quadrangle
Before he became an actor, he had actually accumulated enough wealth, and acting was only one of his hobbies. If we say that Li Chengru received money from the program group to pay homage to Jing M.Guo,Do you still believe it?
Li Chengru’s quadrangle
On September 15th, the 6th "Meikang Cup" Basketball League in Lhasa, jointly organized by Lhasa Sports Bureau and Lhasa Basketball Association, opened. There are three groups in this competition: men’s five-a-side institutions, social groups and women’s five-a-side institutions. There are 56 teams from Lhasa counties (districts), functional parks, municipal units, enterprises and troops stationed in the city, the masses and social groups, and more than 800 people participated. The scale of the competition is the highest ever.
At the opening ceremony, the organizer specially invited Jumping Soul, the only trampoline dunk performance team in Asia, to bring a passionate fancy trampoline dunk performance. It is reported that the team has boarded NBA, KBL, World Cup, CCTV Spring Festival Evening, CBA and other famous stadiums and stages.
On the first day of the competition, in the opening match between Tibet Ruiqi Timber Team and Tibet Meikang Team, the athletes staged a wonderful confrontation, which attracted applause and screams from the audience. During the break, the passionate basketball baby cheerleaders showed their dynamic dances to the fans and audience at the scene, which attracted bursts of applause.
La Zhen, deputy secretary and director of the Party Group of Lhasa Sports Bureau, said, "Lhasa Basketball League is a basic event to meet the diversified needs of the people’s sports and has been recognized by the masses. At present, the Sports Bureau of Lhasa is actively planning national fitness events in the second half of the year, for example, the Lhasa Farmers and Herdsmen Games held at the end of October. At the end of December, Ding Junhui, O ‘Sullivan and other famous athletes were invited to participate in the Lhasa Snooker Competition. In addition, we are planning the Skinracho Swim Experience Tournament. "
This tournament lasted for 13 days, and after 118 fierce competitions, it will close on September 27th. The purpose of the competition is to build a basketball exchange platform, strengthen communication among basketball fans, strengthen national unity, enhance friendship, learn skills and improve together, so as to promote the development of sports in Lhasa.
Tibet Daily hosts a 24-hour news/advertising hotline: 6970000 domestic unified serial number: CN54-0009 postal code: 67-20.
Lead: In the eyes of many people, football is an exciting sport, because no one knows who the winner is until the end. In the football match, an excellent team is the key to win the game. Recently, some fans came to consult Xiaobian. Which country is the origin of football? What is the origin of football? This is the dry goods that Xiaobian wants to share with you today.
What country is the origin of football?
soccer
Ancient football originated in China, while modern football originated in England.
The origin of football originated in China. This situation generally refers to the ancient football in China. This kind of football was very popular in the Han Dynasty. If we really want to trace the history, we can trace it back to the Spring and Autumn Period in China. At this time, the scientific name of football is Cuju. Gao Qiu, who appeared in the history of China, is believed to be deeply impressed by everyone.
Modern football originated in Britain, and now the distribution of players on the football field, including the way of scoring goals, has been completely planned. At that time, in the history of England, because everyone had the habit of taking off their heads as balls after fighting, it gradually evolved into football. And the first football club in the world was born in England. This is why English football is so powerful now.
Football map
Technical characteristics of English football
1. The style of English football is a combination of chivalry and gentlemanly demeanor. Different football styles in the world are mainly divided into European and South American schools. The former emphasizes physical exercise, practicality and tactical discipline, while the latter is world-famous for its flexibility and creativity.
2. The British people’s desire for courage helps them to form a unique competition style. The 4-4-2 formation they adopted put special emphasis on attack. British players are also famous for their fair play and their willingness to beat the weak over the strong. Compared with their South American rivals, they use less vicious fouls.
3. Most British people hold the belief that using violence to gain an advantage, or doing whatever it takes to win the game is a deception to the principle of fair competition. Relatively speaking, the chances of violence in English matches are less than those in South America.
4. The British players who hold the spirit of gentlemanly manner have demonstrated the classic British sports virtues, such as commitment, strength and fighting spirit, which are highly praised by fans in many countries. They run, fight and compete with their opponents in a dynamic way. This kind of English football with the label of gentlemanly demeanor once swept the world with overwhelming charm and strength.
Modern football
Development history of modern football in China
Modern football was introduced to China very early, and it was brought in by foreigners as early as the first year of Tongzhi. After more than half a century’s development, it flowed from the early trading port and the western community in the concession into various church schools and public schools, and then spread to all levels of the society in the Republic of China through schools. From the western researchers’ point of view, the spread of modern football in China, in fact, and the spread and development of football in the European continent, almost completely operated according to the same law. At that time, in the Republic of China, most of the children who could afford missionary schools and institutions of higher learning were children of rich families, or at least children of well-off families. Football, a western gadget, is naturally very good for the taste of students. Over time, there will be inter-school competitions, and then they will become some kind of amateur club through class reunion. After graduation, they will be engaged in jobs envied by the public at that time. The most common one will also have a decent job like post office, customs and school. The hobby of the gentleman has always led the social trend. Football has become popular, clubs have increased, and competitions have increased. The higher the social attention, the more business opportunities have emerged. Finally, it is from amateur gentleman movement to professional movement. Of course, there were frequent wars in the late Republic of China. Western scholars believe that 49 years ago, China football (to be precise, it should be a regional football marked by Shanghai in the east, Tianjin in the north, Hankou in the west and Guangdong and Hong Kong in the south) was in the transition from semi-specialization to professionalism.
In 1949, the loudest slogan on the sports front of New China was to learn from Big Brother and build your own sports career in a planned way. In order to achieve this grand goal, the first thing to do is to gather the best sports talents from all over the country, and the football industry is no exception. After several years of preparation for integration, the first generation of football coaches and players in New China finally emerged. If we pay close attention to their origins, backgrounds and growth resumes, it is not difficult to find that no matter they come from all over the world, no matter whether they are the first generation coaches or the first generation players, they all have something in common.
New China learned from Hungary, a red football power with comrades and brothers at that time, and sent a large number of players to stay in Hungary. Therefore, the first generation of football in early China has a strong Eastern European style. In the first ten years after the founding of the People’s Republic of China, China football slowly groped its way forward with the cooperation of these two generations. During this period, it also participated in some large-scale international competitions, but all of them focused on training. Until 1965, Nian Weisi took over as the head coach of the China team for the second time. At this time, the coaching staff basically completed the alternation of generations. The first generation of players replaced the first generation of coaches and led the second generation of mature players to prepare for a higher level of competition.
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Football enters the era of big data (Dazhao Review)
Three days ago, Shandong Luneng Taishan professional football club management information system based on big data entered a new stage of version 3.0, and once again took the lead in football management concepts and innovations in the new era.
Since 2015, Shandong Luneng Taishan Club has extensively learned from the research results in the field of global football big data, and continuously improved the level of data mining, analysis and application. Through more than two years of efforts, it has established an information management system including 10 modules including teams, players, competitions, training, medical care and public opinion.
At the same time, China Football Association has also made plans for the construction of information management system and accelerated its implementation. This is an important measure to change the backward appearance of football in China and meet the needs of the public for football development.
Today’s society has entered the era of knowledge economy with information technology as the core, and informatization has become a booster to promote national economic and social development. To improve the overall level of football and sports in China in many aspects, it is necessary to be good at obtaining data, analyzing data and using data. Football managers at all levels should also strengthen their study, understand big data, make good use of big data, enhance their ability to use data to promote training and management, improve the efficiency of talent training, and reduce the blindness and deviation of football market operation.
Although the concept of big data has been put forward for nearly 10 years, it is still a new thing to become a new stage of information development. China football’s understanding and cognition of this is still in the initial state. It is very gratifying that Shandong Luneng Taishan Club has taken the lead, and it will certainly benefit more than one club. The strategic significance of big data technology is not to master huge data information, but to professionally process these data and realize the "value-added" of data through "processing". It is a means to develop the cause and improve the level. Information system can’t directly improve the level of football in China, but ignoring information or staying in the old view of the role of information can’t meet the new needs of football development.
Objective data and scientific analysis are the key functions and values of information systems. On the other hand, if the data is untrue and the analysis is unscientific, then the misleading disaster may be very terrible. Football is originally a highly socialized sport, and big data is the product of the open era. Any idea of being closed and exclusive is incomprehensible to big data. The management information system of Shandong Luneng Taishan Club was established with the cooperation of many domestic and foreign partners.
Please cherish this scientific and technological progress and major breakthrough. Football in China has caught up with the new era. In the face of this new topic in the field of football, even if it is slightly behind, it is much smaller than the gap in football competition, and the confidence in catching up with and surpassing the advanced level in the world should be much greater.
Zhongxin. com, Chongqing, September 18 (Xiao Jiangchuan) On the evening of the 17th, the 2023 "the belt and road initiative" China-Europe Basketball Champions Cup Competition came to an end at the Yubei District Gymnasium in Chongqing. After three days of fierce competition, the Serbian Zlatibor basketball team finally won the championship.
This competition attracted Shanghai Jiushi Sharks from China Professional Basketball League (hereinafter referred to as CBA), Zhejiang Chouzhou Golden Rent Team, Serbian KLS League Meta Basketball Team and Zlatibor Basketball Team to participate. Zhejiang Chouzhou Golden Rent Team won the first place in the regular season and the second place in the playoffs in the CBA League last season. Zlatibor Basketball Team was founded in 1979, and has won the top Serbian basketball league championship for many times.
After three days of fierce competition, the Serbian Zlatibor Basketball Team finally won the championship with two wins and one loss, Zhejiang Chouzhou Golden Rent Team won the second place, Shanghai Jiushi Sharks won the third place, Serbia Meta Basketball Team won the fourth place, and Zhejiang Chouzhou Golden Rent Team player Wu Qian was named the most valuable player in the tournament.
"This China-Europe Basketball Champions Cup is an intercontinental club cup held in China, which provides CBA teams with an opportunity for intercontinental confrontation and a head-on collision between CBA high-level clubs and European basketball clubs." The person in charge of the event organizer said that the purpose of this event is to improve the competitive level of professional basketball in China and Europe, help China’s professional basketball go abroad, and also to promote the exchange and cooperation between China and Europe’s basketball industry for a long time.
In August 2019, the "the belt and road initiative" China-Europe Basketball Champions Cup was officially launched in Chongqing. The China-Europe Basketball Champions Cup is held in Yubei District of Chongqing in August and September every year. The organizing committee invites the top clubs of the European Basketball Champions League and European basketball leagues to come to China to play against the top clubs of CBA. (End)
Starting from July 28th, the 31st Summer Universiade held in Chengdu has become a stage attracting worldwide attention. More than 6,500 college athletes from 113 countries and regions around the world took dreams as horses, sweated and launched fierce competitive competitions on the field covering 18 major events and 269 minor events.
On the evening of July 28th, the opening ceremony of the 31st Summer Universiade was held in Chengdu, Sichuan. China university student sports delegation enters the stadium. Photography/Our reporter Han Haidan
The China University Sports Delegation sent 411 university athletes from more than 100 universities in 25 provinces and municipalities across the country to participate in the competition. Most of them participated in the Universiade for the first time, including Olympic champions such as Zhang Yufei and Zou Jingyuan, and Qin Haiyang who just won four gold medals and broke the world record at the World Swimming Championships.
China university athletes participating in the Universiade should not only complete the task and win the championship, but also show the spirit of China university students in the new era and the development achievements of university students’ sports, and become the messengers of Chinese and foreign exchanges through sports.
Before the founding of New China, the birthplace and development of modern competitive sports were in universities, and schools were veritable "cradles" of modern competitive sports. In the long history of more than 100 years, the development of college students’ sports in China has always made great progress despite the wind and rain.
During the development of sports in China, the measure of "separating sports from education" once made almost all professional athletes participate in the Universiade in a certain period of time. With the return of the ideological trend of "integration of sports and education" and its continuous advocacy, the concept of "Little Olympics" in the Universiade has gradually faded, and the pursuit of competitive achievements is no longer regarded as the whole of participating in the Universiade, and the Universiade has truly returned to college students.
The synchronous development of education, humanities, study and physical training is paid more attention by the whole society, which has a profound impact on the changes of Chinese people’s concepts and policies and the future trend of the development of college students’ physical education in China.
Early athletes were all college students.
Since most modern competitive sports originated from the West, from the end of 19th century to the beginning of 20th century, missionary schools and YMCA brought most sports, equipment, teaching methods and competition methods to China. After spreading, competitive sports developed in China mainly in the form of school sports. At that time, the outstanding players and coaches in various sports were basically students and young teachers.
For example, in 1895, the first director-general of the Tianjin YMCA disembarked from Tianjin and brought basketball from abroad. After the Dongmalu Club of the Tianjin YMCA, the first indoor basketball court in China was set up in 1914. Basketball first became popular in missionary schools, and then it became popular in major schools in Tianjin.
In the 1920s, Dong Shouyi, the "father of basketball in China", worked as a physical education teacher in Tianjin Nankai School. Dong Shouyi, who was obsessed with basketball, was in charge of training the basketball team and trained Tang Baokun, Li Guochen, Liu Jianchang, Wang Xiliang and Wei Pengyun. The Nankai school team, with the "Five Tiger Generals" as its team, has successively defeated Shanghai Hujiang University, the United States Navy Team and the University of St. Thomas in the Philippines in a series of competitions, making it famous in the Far East.
Dong Shouyi wrote China’s first basketball monograph, The Latest Basketball, and was elected as a member of the International Olympic Committee in 1947. He believes that the purpose of sports competition can not only focus on the generation of achievements and records, but also on technology. Instead, teachers and students can get physical and mental health from sports by participating in sports, participating in sports, feeling the good atmosphere brought by sports, and gaining aesthetic feeling and spirit through sports competition.
Liu Changchun, the first athlete in China to officially participate in the Olympic Games, just graduated from the Physical Education Department of Northeastern University in 1932 and participated in the Los Angeles Olympic Games. Liu Changchun’s coach, Song Junfu, then the head of the physical education department of Northeastern University, studied physics in the United States, and then studied in the physical education department of Springfield College, the birthplace of basketball. After returning to China, he served as the head of the physical education department and professor of Shanghai Hujiang University, Northeastern University, Shandong University and Sichuan University.
On August 5th, 2008, in Dalian, Liaoning Province, the hometown of China’s "first Olympic man" Liu Changchun, a bronze sculpture of Liu Changchun, 3.8m high, 4.5m long, 1.5m wide and weighing 2 tons, was unveiled in the Olympic Square to meet the public. Figure/Zhongxin
Mao Zhenming, the first dean of the School of Physical Education and Sports of Beijing Normal University and the chairman of the National School Sports League (teaching reform), once said: "The athletes at that time were actually college students. They represented the highest competitive level in the country and were all qualified college students."
After the founding of New China, the Party and the state attached great importance to school sports. In October 1949, the central people’s government put forward "new physical education". At this time, the main task of college physical education was to popularize and stimulate all students’ interest in sports. In the early 1950s, China’s university sports policy was mainly aimed at students’ physical health and personal hygiene. The state advocated popularizing sports in universities, emphasizing health promotion and developing good living habits. In 1954, the former State Sports Commission issued the Joint Instruction on Developing Mass Sports in Secondary and Higher Schools, which pointed out the direction for the development of college physical education and became the dominant idea for the development of school physical education at that time.
Liu Bo, director of the Sports Department of Tsinghua University, told China Newsweek that in the 1960s, the state adjusted the management mechanism of sports and education, so that the sports system and the education system operated separately. "Among them, the part of competitive sports, including the training and selection of athletes, as well as the organization and management of competitive sports competitions, is the responsibility of the State Sports Commission and local sports commissions at all levels. The sports system mainly relies on sports schools and colleges at all levels around the country, and is responsible for cultivating competitive sports talents. The development of competitive sports in ordinary colleges and universities has not been included in the national administrative plan, and has gradually separated from the national competitive sports system. "
Therefore, for a long time, the focus of college physical education stayed at the stage of advocating the popularization of physical education on campus.
In 1970s, China gradually returned to the international sports arena. In 1975, the establishment of China University Sports Association became a major landmark event. In the same year, China Sports Association joined the World University Sports Federation, four years before China returned to the International Olympic Committee. In 1977, the China Sports Association set up a delegation for the first time to participate in the World University Games held in Sofia, the Bulgarian capital, seven years before China played in the 1984 Los Angeles Olympic Games.
Walter WANG, the late former vice chairman of the Major Sports Association, once recalled to the media: "Since its establishment, the China University Sports Association was still managed by the then State Sports Commission. By the early 1980s, the domestic affairs of China Major Sports Association, such as the holding of domestic college students’ competitions, began to be handed over from the State Sports Commission to the State Education Commission, but the international affairs, such as teaming up for the World University Games, were postponed for nearly twenty years. "
This had its special historical background at that time. At the end of 1970s, China’s sports circle had just returned to the international sports world, and the national team athletes in various sports lacked international competition experience, and the Universiade, known as the "Little Olympics", was a rare opportunity to compete.
At the Universiade in 1977, Sun Jinfang, the former captain of the China women’s volleyball team who won five consecutive championships, was 22 years old and was a player of Nanjing Institute of Physical Education. Sun Jinfang once recalled: "At that time, there were few opportunities for the national team to go out to participate in the Games, and the Universiade was our first time to participate in the World Comprehensive Games. We have never met sports teams from so many countries before, especially the Cuban team. At that time, they were the’ dream team’ of women’s volleyball. We have been looking forward to it for a long time, and finally the Universiade provided an opportunity for us to communicate with them face to face. "
China Women’s Volleyball Team won the silver medal at the 1977 Universiade, which was generally regarded as the starting point of China Women’s Volleyball Team’s "five consecutive championships".
"At that time, the Universiade did have the saying of’ Little Olympics’ in China sports." Zou Zhenxian, a famous triple jumper from China who participated in Sofia in 1977 and Bucharest Universiade in 1981, told China Newsweek. "At that time, the track and field competitions were the highest in the world, that is, the Olympic Games, the track and field World Cup and the Universiade."
In both competitions, Zou Zhenxian was a player of Beijing Institute of Physical Education (now Beijing Sport University). It won the gold medal at the Universiade in 1981 with a score of 17.32 meters, setting a record for the triple jump at the Universiade, which was also the first track and field gold medal won by China athletes at the World Universiade.
Little known is that in 1981, Lang Ping, Li Ning and other China athletes participated in the 1981 Universiade in Bucharest. Lang Ping led the China women’s volleyball team to win the championship, while Li Ning won three gold medals in gymnastics.
Left: The track and field team of China University Student Sports Delegation took a group photo at the 1977 Universiade, and the fifth on the left is Zou Zhenxian. Chinese: Zou Zhenxian’s entry permit for the 1977 Universiade. Right: Zou Zhenxian’s entry permit for the 1981 Universiade. Figure/provided by respondents
"Integration of sports and education" breeds fruitful results
In 1980s, China ushered in the tide of reform and opening up, and gradually transformed into a market economy system. At the same time, the sports system and the education system have exposed a series of problems.
Among them, the outstanding problems are: the athletes in the sports system have only received sports training for a long time, and there is a lack of cultural education, which has left the impression of low cultural level to the outside world. In addition, it is also because many athletes only receive physical training for a long time. If they fail to win the national championship and world championship, they often have a "pain point" of single survival skills after retirement, which causes social concern and controversy at the level of employment placement.
Affected by this, if children’s sports talent is extremely outstanding since childhood, more and more parents no longer want their children to become athletes in terms of concept and consciousness, but prefer their children to receive academic education.
Furthermore, the old "training system of sports schools, provincial teams and national teams" in China sports system has been gradually shaken. Among them, some grass-roots sports schools began to find it difficult to recruit students year after year, which posed a challenge to the talent transfer of competitive sports in China.
In view of this situation, the former State Education Commission and the former State Sports Commission first appeared the trend of "integration of sports and education" (originally called the combination of sports and education or the combination of sports and education). At that time, the state advocated that colleges and universities could devote 1% of their annual budget to the construction of high-level sports teams, and the enrollment scale of sports teams in colleges and universities would not exceed 1% of the total undergraduate enrollment plan in the previous year. This is the initial exploration of the integration of sports and education in that era.
On December 27th, 1985, the former State Education Commission and the former State Sports Commission jointly held the "National Symposium on Amateur Sports Training for School Students" in Yexian County, Shandong Province, and the meeting formulated the "Plan for Developing Amateur Sports Training in Schools and Improving Sports Technical Level (1986-2000)" (hereinafter referred to as "Plan").
On the basis of the publication of the Plan, the former State Education Commission successively promulgated the Notice on Recruiting High-level Athletes in Some Ordinary Colleges and Universities in 1987 and the Administrative Measures on Training High-level Athletes in Pilot Colleges and Universities, and selected 51 colleges and universities to be allowed to start independently recruiting sports talents and set up high-level sports teams to undertake the function of helping the development of competitive sports in China.
However, at this time, the training of college sports special students is limited in capital and resources, and it is in the initial "exploration stage", and the competitive level of college sports can not support them to participate in world competitions and complete their tasks. As mentioned by Wang Gang earlier, the Universiade was still an important "training stage" in the sports system in the 1980s and 1990s, so the right to select athletes was still in the hands of the State Sports Commission (renamed the State Sports General Administration in 1998).
In 2001, the Universiade came to Beijing. As Beijing has just successfully applied for the 2008 Olympic Games, the sports system almost sent all the top athletes to play, reaching the peak of scale. At that time, the sports system regarded this Universiade as a preview of the Beijing Olympic Games, whether it was the organization of events or the results of competitions. Among them, the China University Basketball Team, led by Yao Ming, Wang Zhizhi and Bater, defeated the American University Basketball Team for the first time in history; 18-year-old Liu Xiang won his first career 110m hurdles world championship in 13.33 seconds. Li Na won three gold medals in tennis. In the end, the China university student delegation ranked first in the medal list with 54 gold medals, 25 silver medals and 24 bronze medals.
In the final of the 2001 Universiade, the China college students’ men’s basketball team lost to the Yugoslav college students’ team and missed the gold medal. Figure/Zhongxin
After the 2001 Beijing Universiade, the State Sports General Administration handed over the international affairs of major sports associations to the Ministry of Education in accordance with the relevant spirit. Since then, China Sports Association can independently send college students to participate in the Universiade. It was also from the 2001 Beijing Universiade that the concept of combining sports with education was more widely advocated in the domestic sports and education circles.
Walter WANG once recalled: "The institutional reform in the State Council, which began around 2000, made the division of functions between government departments clearer, and the student sports work further returned to the education department. However, this institutional reform is only an opportunity. More importantly, at that time, the sports level of college students in China has developed to a certain stage, and we have been able to participate in the activities of the Universiade. "
In the decade from 1990s to the beginning of 21st century, with the further reform and opening up of China society, the development of college students’ sports can be described as vigorous. The scale of colleges and universities with high-level athletes’ enrollment qualifications continued to expand, and in 2006 it was expanded to 235.
Tsinghua University, who has always attached importance to physical education since before liberation, has made great achievements in building high-level sports teams in domestic universities. Tsinghua University ranks first in the country in terms of enrollment items, the number of students and the diversity of team building modes.
Liu Bo introduced that as early as 1954, under the initiative of President Jiang Nanxiang (who once put forward the slogan: Work for the health of the motherland for 50 years), many sports teams in Tsinghua University were established, including track and field, skills, football, basketball and volleyball. After the policy of "Planning" was issued in 1987, Tsinghua University gradually resumed the establishment of college students’ teams in various sports, and also tried to build a dual-degree training system with Beijing Institute of Physical Education (now Beijing Sport University). In the late 1990s, Tsinghua University successively set up diving teams and shooting teams, and jointly established them with the swimming center and shooting and archery center of the State Sports General Administration.
Other colleges and universities outside Tsinghua University have also developed their own special sports. For example, Peking University has built a mountaineering team "Eagle Club", Beijing Institute of Technology has developed a football team, and Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics and Fudan University have established volleyball teams, all of which are models for the construction of college sports teams in China.
The establishment of national college sports leagues has further stimulated the development of high-level sports teams in colleges and universities in China. 1998 was the "first year" of the establishment of China University Basketball League (CUBA). Tsinghua University, Peking University, Huaqiao University, Taiyuan University of Technology, Guangdong University of Technology, Zhejiang University and Xiamen University all regard basketball as a "power point" and make the basketball team a "business card" with high recognition.
In the summer of 2003, China participated in the Daegu Universiade, which was the first time that athletes were selected by the China Sports Association, which was in charge of the Ministry of Education. In the current competition, the China University Student Sports Delegation has generally realized that it is mainly college students. In many sports teams, college students from non-professional athletes account for a considerable proportion. The China University Football Team, which is composed of players from Beijing Institute of Technology, is the first time to be composed of a pure university campus student army. It once caused a sensation by defeating Brazil.
By the 2005 Izmir Universiade, Hu Kai, a student from Tsinghua University, won the men’s 100-meter championship and caused a sensation throughout the country, which became a "milestone event" in the history of college sports in China.
On August 21st, 2008, in the men’s 4×100 relay race of the Beijing Olympic Games, Hu Kai, a student from Tsinghua University, played for China and ran for 39.13 seconds to advance to the final. Photography/Our reporter Sheng Jiapeng
Hu Kai, currently the deputy director of the Sports Department of Tsinghua University, was admitted to Tsinghua University as a high-level athlete in the summer of 2001. After entering the school, he paid attention to both study and training, and his competitive ability was not inferior to that of professional athletes. Hu Kai participated in the national track and field championship and grand prix finals in 2004, winning the 100m and 200m championships. In the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, Hu Kai was successfully selected for the national team and participated in the 100m and 4×100 relay races on behalf of the national team.
Hu Kai’s success proves that it is completely feasible to train high-level athletes on campus. After that, more and more outstanding sports talents in China were born from the campus, which became an important achievement of the integration of sports and education in China.
At present, whether the national sports events such as the College Basketball League are booming or more students like Hu Kai are selected into the national team, to a great extent, it has promoted the sports cause of colleges and universities in China to a higher standard. Because, compared with campus sports in developed countries such as the United States, the industry will find that college sports in the United States can completely represent the competitive sports level of the whole country, and the growth process of athletes has not been divorced from the normal education system.
An outstanding advantage of American college physical education is its commercial operation ability. According to the financial report statistics of NCAA, in 2021, the total income of college sports in the United States exceeded $1.1 billion, and nearly 90% of the income came from the broadcast of the "Crazy March" basketball game (every March, the NCAA entered the most intense single-game elimination stage). In 2010, NCAA signed a 14-year, 10.8-billion-dollar contract with broadcasters such as CBS. American college sports are deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, and it is expected to continue to be favored by broadcasters in the form of long-term contracts after the contract expires in 2024.
The vast majority of these commercial income is to continuously feed back colleges and universities. For example, the well-known "Pacific Twelve Schools Alliance" in the United States, among which the famous universities such as UCLA and Stanford University have an average annual competitive sports fund of tens of millions of dollars. The school uses this generous fund to recruit the best students in the United States, pay sports scholarships, pay the salaries of coaches and trainers, improve the level of scientific research support, build university stadiums and training facilities, and give students the best training treatment to cultivate them into talents.
Universiade returns to college students.
In the subsequent Universiade, the China delegation, with college students as the main body, was basically stable in the top three, including Bangkok in Thailand, Belgrade in Serbia, Shenzhen in China, Kazan in Russia, Gwangju in South Korea, Taipei in China and Naples in Italy. After many Universiade, the concept of "Universiade Returning to College Students" has become more and more popular.
"After decades of changes, the term’ Little Olympics’ has long faded. At the recent Universiade, competitive achievements are important, but they are no longer the whole of this event. " Zou Zhenxian said, "Perhaps many college students will not pursue the career of professional athletes in the future, but participating in the Universiade is also a valuable asset in their life. The Universiade is not only a stadium, but also a platform for countries all over the world to show their cultures and communicate with each other. "
Entering a new historical stage, the sports career of college students in China has further developed.
In 2020, 283 colleges and universities across the country have been allowed to recruit high-level sports teams, which is more than five times that of the early year of 1987. After Hu Kai, high-level sports teams in colleges and universities have continuously trained many world champions and Olympic champions for the country. For example, the first gold medal winner of the 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games is Yang Qian from the Tsinghua University Shooting Team.
It is understood that after years of development, Tsinghua University has built its own school team "pyramid". By the end of 2020, there are four Class A teams (track and field, shooting, men’s basketball and women’s basketball) representing the highest level sports teams of China university students and even professional teams, seven Class B teams (including women’s volleyball and fencing) representing the high level sports teams of Beijing university students, and 43 Class C teams (including table tennis and ice hockey) representing the outstanding level sports teams among ordinary students with a broad mass base.
The Chinese College Basketball League has been the top student league and amateur league in China in terms of competition scale, competition level, talent incubation and so on, and it provides talents for CBA league every year. Nowadays, the college basketball league has continuously precipitated the sports culture atmosphere of college students in China, and has become the basketball temple in the minds of college students all over the country. According to the data of some online platforms, more than 1 billion people watch the live broadcast of the game through TV and Internet every year, and the audience watching the game on the spot has reached 2 million.
On July 31st, 2022, in the 24th China University Basketball League (CUBA) men’s first-class league national finals held in Chongqing, Tsinghua University beat Guangdong University of Technology 89-86, and won the championship for three consecutive years. Figure/provided by respondents
At this stage, the development of college students’ sports in China has made remarkable achievements, and the holding of this Universiade in Chengdu will undoubtedly be a positive guide to the progress of school sports in China. At the same time, it is also necessary to take this opportunity to continue to solve some problems at the level of fairness.
According to statistics, since the founding of New China, China has issued 174 documents on school physical education and students’ physical health. On September 24th, 2021, the Guiding Opinions on Further Improving and Standardizing the Examination Enrollment of High-level Sports Teams in Colleges and Universities (hereinafter referred to as the Guiding Opinions) jointly issued by the Ministry of Education and the State Sports General Administration is one of the most important policies at this stage, which will strictly control the examination enrollment and daily management of high-level sports teams in colleges and universities.
The Guiding Opinions clearly pointed out that there are some problems in the enrollment of high-level sports teams in colleges and universities, such as poor cultural achievements of individual athletes, low level of sports competition, irregular examination organization in individual colleges and universities, lax school management, and falsification of technical grade certificates of individual local athletes.
Among them, there are two most controversial phenomena in the whole society: First, students with low competitive level get the drop-off index of famous schools by fraudulent means such as falsification of athletes’ technical grade certificates, and immediately quit sports teams and change their majors after entering school, which also makes some famous schools with high-level sports teams enrolling a large number of students every year unable to transport sports talents for the country. Second, the truly high-level athletes can only enter the prestigious schools by single stroke or walk because of their unsatisfactory results in cultural courses, but they are unable to complete their studies after entering the school. Individual universities turn a blind eye to this and seriously waste the educational resources of prestigious schools.
The Guiding Opinions has launched a series of measures with strong control: from 2024, only those who have won the title of national first-class athletes (including) or above can apply for high-level sports teams. The enrollment items of high-level sports teams in colleges and universities will be gradually included in the national unified examination to improve the performance requirements of cultural courses. Among them, the "world-class university construction university" requires candidates’ college entrance examination scores to reach the minimum control score of undergraduate admission in the source province when recruiting high-level sports teams; Other colleges and universities require candidates’ college entrance examination scores to reach 80% of the minimum control score for undergraduate admission in the province of origin. In addition, from 2024, all professional tests will be included in the national unified examination, which will be organized and implemented by the State Sports General Administration, and colleges and universities will no longer organize relevant school examinations.
In recent years, the Ministry of Education and the State Sports General Administration have successively included football and swimming events of high-level sports teams in colleges and universities in the national unified examination, so as to improve the fairness and scientificity of professional tests and get favorable comments from candidates and parents.
If the candidate’s competitive level is really excellent, the Guiding Opinions still leaves a "path" to allow exceptional admission: "For candidates with outstanding achievements in physical education and special training potential, colleges and universities are allowed to explore the establishment of an exceptional admission mechanism for cultural courses, and exceptional admission will be subject to strict supervision by the society. And in principle, the academic level requirements of high-level sports team students and ordinary students should be consistent, and they should participate in the sampling inspection of undergraduate graduation thesis (design). Colleges and universities can actively create conditions for high-level sports team students to complete their studies without lowering academic standards and ensuring the quality of education and teaching through credit system, extending academic system, personalized teaching and remedial classes. "
Relevant experts pointed out that the promulgation of the Guiding Opinions aims at eliminating the problems existing in educational equity, but its fundamental goal has not changed. The policy issued by the Ministry of Education and the State Sports General Administration has been clear for many times: "The purpose of building high-level sports teams in colleges and universities is to cultivate all-round high-level sports talents for the country, and the goal is to complete the tasks of participating in the World University Games and major international and domestic sports competitions, and contribute to the national Olympic glory plan and the sustainable development of competitive sports", and clearly put forward "strengthening the combination of education and sports".
Many interviewed experts believe that college sports can continue to be a useful supplement to the cultivation of high-level sports talents for a long time to come.
Zhong Bingshu, former president of the Capital Institute of Physical Education, told China News Weekly that "the integration of physical education and education reflects the country’s hope to guide the traditional training mode of competitive sports talents to a brand-new mechanism for cultivating competitive sports talents through the education system, give full play to the function of school physical education as universal education, and rely on its own resource advantages to cultivate high-level sports teams and student athletes who are good at competition and learning."
In Zhong Bingshu’s view, the future of physical education will be further integrated, and the future will be a trend for a long time. School physical education will play an increasingly important role in the training of competitive sports talents, and the training mode of deep integration of professional sports teams and high-level sports training and competition system in colleges and universities will be more perfect.
In the long run, with the deepening of the integration of sports and education and the increase of investment, the overall competitive training quality of campus sports will be improved day by day. Most teenagers will choose the road of campus sports and receive physical training while studying. Under the premise of ensuring basic achievements, many student athletes with excellent academic and training can also be born. The overall development level of campus sports in China will gradually approach the developed countries and become the main channel for the selection of sports talents in China.
Published in China Newsweek magazine, No.1103, August 7, 2023.
Magazine title: exploring the road of "integration of sports and education"
Author: Ye Everest
Fujian team is one of the most active teams in the offseason this year, and it is reinforced in a large area! Zou Yang, Zhao Yiming from Shenzhen team, Li Zhanglin from Shanxi team and Yang Ali from Beijing team were all very young players with great potential. Zou Yang is 1.98 meters tall, and his defense is good. His offensive end is mainly empty-cut, and his shooting is average, which is very similar to Zhai Xiaochuan’s style. Zhao Yiming scored 30+ in the league last summer, but he didn’t get any chances in Shenzhen. Li Zhanglin is the third overall pick in the CBA draft in 2021, a striker with a height of 2.03 meters. He used to be the scoring champion in CUBA history and didn’t get any chance in Shanxi team. Yang Ali is a small defender who dares to fight and fight, and he can’t get any chances in the Beijing team. I hope these young players can break out in Fujian next season.
?Wang Yixiong, the top pick of Fujian team, has a two-year rookie contract expired. Now there are Wang Huadong, Zou Yang, Li Zhanglin, Zhao Yiming and others in the frontcourt of Fujian team. Wang Yixiong will not be renewed and will be swept out of the house.
Wang Yixiong was the No.1 in the CBA draft in 2021. At that time, Fujian team was full of expectations for Wang Yixiong and trained him as a star of hope. The rookie season hasn’t started yet. Just arrived in Fujian to report that Wang Yixiong was injured in training and only played 10 games last season. This season, Wang Yixiong is in good physical condition, basically playing the whole season, averaging 18 minutes, getting 4.1 points and 2.5 rebounds, shooting 39.7% from the field, 33% from three-pointers and 41% from free throws. Such data is really hard to get! As an inside player, his overall shooting percentage is 40%, and his free throw percentage is only 41%. His basic skills are too poor. Although Wang Yixiong is physically strong, his skills are rough and his finishing ability is poor.
Wang Yixiong and another No.1 scholar, Jun Xuan, both went to the United States to play in high school. Both of them are from California State University of NCAA, and it is precisely because of their experience in studying abroad that they became the No.1 scholar. Many players studying abroad participated in the CBA draft, except Wang Yixiong, Qu Junxuan and Sun Siyao, but they didn’t play, and they were on the verge of leaving CBA.