年度归档 2024年3月6日

Repeated fever, accidentally become a "white lung"! Many children have been recruited recently, so be careful →

recently
Pediatrics in many hospitals
Look at the children with fever and cough
There is a long queue.
Outgoing from many places
News of Children’s "Mycoplasma Pneumonia" Case
There are still some babies
If you are not careful, you will become a "white lung."
What are the symptoms of mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia?
How to distinguish, prevent and treat?
Not bacteria, not viruses.
But it can cause severe pneumonia
According to media reports, recently in Wuhan, a 10-year-old boy Xiaoyang had a high fever for more than 10 days, and was transferred to pulmonary hospital, Wuhan, after many days of ineffective medication in primary hospitals. The culprit that doctors quickly locked in-not bacteria, not viruses, but a microorganism called mycoplasma.
△ White lung appears in two thirds of the right upper lung.
Yang Qing, deputy director of the Second Respiratory Ward in pulmonary hospital, Wuhan, clarified that CT examination revealed that the child’s right lung was "massive consolidation", which is often referred to as "white lung". Through relevant examination, Xiaoyang was positive for mycoplasma antibody and positive for mycoplasma pneumoniae nucleic acid, and was immediately diagnosed as mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia.
△ The lung of patients with mycoplasma infection is like a tree mist.
At present, Xiaoyang’s condition has been controlled and tends to recover.
What is mycoplasma?
What disease is mycoplasma pneumonia?
Mycoplasma is a microbial pathogen other than bacteria and viruses.
The "mycoplasma" referred to by pediatricians usually refers to mycoplasma pneumoniae. Its "head" is between bacteria and viruses, with a diameter of 2 ~ 5 microns.
Infection with mycoplasma pneumoniae, in severe cases, may lead to children suffering from mycoplasma pneumonia.
Some children with mycoplasma pneumonia may even have "white lungs".
This is because mycoplasma pneumoniae can stimulate the immune response in human body. From the patient’s chest radiograph, we can see "white lungs" with different sizes.
This is not to say that there are all "mycoplasma", but mainly immune damage and inflammatory infiltration stimulated by mycoplasma.
It can be said that mycoplasma pneumonia is pneumonia caused by infection and immune response.
Yang clarified that mycoplasma infection often causes respiratory tract infection, often pharyngitis and bronchitis, which is like a cold. Some of them are self-limited and some have intractable dry cough. In severe cases, they can develop into pneumonia or even severe pneumonia. Patients like Xiaoyang will develop into local "white lungs" or even more serious situations.
He reminded that mycoplasma infection must be taken seriously. When symptoms similar to the common cold appear, such as cough and fever, they need to seek medical advice in time if they are not improved after two or three days of treatment.
How is mycoplasma pneumoniae spread?
Mycoplasma pneumoniae is mainly transmitted by droplets and direct contact.
The oral and nasopharyngeal secretions of patients with cough, sneezing and runny nose can carry pathogenic pathogens. Close contact or inhalation of aerosols may be "recruited".
After infection with mycoplasma pneumoniae, the incubation period is 1 ~ 3 weeks.
However, patients can also "detoxify" 2 to 8 days before onset, that is, during the incubation period. Acute attack, not to mention.
Children and adolescents are susceptible to mycoplasma pneumoniae.
Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, you will get pneumonia?
Although there are some detours, but: Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection ≠ Mycoplasma pneumonia.
Some patients have no symptoms after infection, or only mild symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection, similar to a cold, and can heal themselves.
Of course, most children with mycoplasma infection will have fever (mainly moderate to high fever) and cough (paroxysmal dry cough and severe cough), which may be accompanied by headache, runny nose, sore throat and earache.
△ Symptoms of mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. Source: publicity platform for basic public health service projects
There are research data showing that-
About 10%~40% of children with respiratory tract infection caused by mycoplasma pneumoniae will develop pneumonia, which is more common in children aged 5 years and above.
Therefore, if the child has a high fever (fever for more than 3 days) and a severe cough, it is best to go to the hospital in time.
If you have a baby at home, you should pay special attention to it: the symptoms of infants and young children are relatively severe, and wheezing or dyspnea may occur. If you find anything unusual, you should see a doctor as soon as possible.
A word of caution.
The child has a fever that persists repeatedly. Even if there is no cough or less cough, it is recommended to go to the hospital for treatment.
This is because mycoplasma causes "white lung" quickly and early, while cough symptoms often appear late; In the early days, it is even possible that doctors can’t hear pneumonia when they are auscultated.
Therefore, for older children who have a fever for more than four or five days repeatedly, doctors generally recommend taking a chest X-ray to see if there is pneumonia.
To prevent mycoplasma infection, what vaccine is effective?
At present, there is no vaccine to prevent mycoplasma pneumoniae infection.
Moreover, if you are infected with mycoplasma pneumoniae, you may be infected again after recovery.
In order to prevent it, these points should be done well:
Wear a mask: in the popular season, try to avoid going to crowded and poorly ventilated public places, and wear a mask when you have to go. Wash your hands and face carefully and pay attention to hand hygiene when you go home from public places.
Wash your hands frequently: Wash your hands under running water with soap or hand sanitizer for more than 20 seconds before and after meals and going home.
More ventilation: often open windows at home to keep the environment clean and ventilated. Open the window for ventilation 2~3 times a day, 20 minutes each time.
Nutritional balance: insist on physical exercise, ensure adequate sleep, reasonable diet, ensure adequate nutrition, and improve the body’s immunity and resistance.
Protection: If family members have fever, cough and other symptoms, children at home are the most vulnerable to cross-infection. It is recommended to wash hands and wear masks to avoid taking care of children.
Pay attention to children’s health
Take protective measures.
Please see a doctor in time if necessary.
Comprehensive Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Jimu News, News Square, etc.
Source: Nanfang Daily
Reporting/feedback

How to prepare for the college entrance examination for adults in Jiangsu?

How to prepare for the college entrance examination for adults in Jiangsu? Everyone knows that education is a stepping stone, so the adult college entrance examination is a good choice for many employees, but many people want to know some common questions about the adult college entrance examination in advance when they apply for the adult college entrance examination. The following small series will answer some questions about the adult college entrance examination for everyone, hoping to help everyone!

If you have questions about the adult college entrance examination, don’t know how to choose the examiners’ colleges and majors, and don’t know the local policies for entering the exam, click to learn now > >

How to prepare for the college entrance examination for adults in Jiangsu?

In the English review from the entrance examination to the undergraduate level, the examination syllabus not only shows the content of the examination, but also explains the types of the examination. Candidates can choose their own suitable preparation materials according to the examination syllabus, and gradually learn with the materials to improve their learning ability step by step.

In the investigation of English subjects, the original title rarely appears, but the deformation of the original title often appears. Therefore, after preparing for the exam for a period of time and mastering the basic examination knowledge, candidates should still do the questions carefully, check and fill in the gaps from the questions, find their own knowledge weaknesses, and then consolidate them again.

Adult college entrance examination is a major that decides whether candidates are admitted or not according to the principle of "selecting the best candidates from high scores to low scores".

Undergraduate: According to the principle of filing, the Provincial Education Examinations Institute files from high scores to low scores according to candidates’ wishes. Colleges and universities determine whether candidates are admitted or not and the majors they record, and return the electronic files of those who are not admitted.

Specialty: According to the principle of "giving priority to scores and following volunteers" in parallel volunteer, the Provincial Education Examinations Institute puts the candidates’ files on the provincial control line according to the enrollment plan of colleges and universities. Colleges and universities determine whether to admit candidates and their majors within the enrollment plan limit, and return the electronic files of those who have not been admitted.

This year’s admission score line needs to wait until the exam is finished, but the annual admission score line does not fluctuate greatly. Students can refer to last year’s admission score line first. You need to take four exams for starting high school, three exams for starting high school, and three exams for starting high school, each with a perfect score of 150, with a total score of 450.

The above is related to the adult college entrance examination. Candidates can use it as a reference, which is subject to the official announcement! Candidates who want to get more information about the adult college entrance examination, such as the registration time, examination time, application conditions, preparation knowledge and related news, please pay attention to the online adult college entrance examination channel of China Education.

Popular recommendation:

If you have questions about the adult college entrance examination, don’t know how to choose the examiners’ colleges and majors, and don’t know the local policies for entering the exam, click to learn now > >

Recommended reading:

Summary of Registration Time and Entrance of National Adult College Entrance Examination in 2024

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Summary of Registration Conditions for Adult College Entrance Examination in 2024 in All Provinces of China

On the national feelings in Jin Yong’s novels

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13:13 on August 29th.

Editor: Quge Source:China Journal website
The mainland version of "Eight Dragons" started shooting yesterday. Jin Yong fans are controversial about the actors. (13:00 on August 28th) Jin Yong, the "Hero", returned to the Jianghu to revise 15 martial arts novels. (10:54 on July 21)

The taste of autumn

Text/Xi Bo
I like autumn, like the colorful colors in autumn, like the rich fruits in autumn, like the gloomy temperament in autumn, and prefer the mature taste in autumn.
As a result, as soon as autumn arrives, my mood is flying with the autumn clouds, flowing freely and unconstrained style; So, as soon as autumn comes, I run to the wild from time to time, looking for the taste of autumn all over the mountains.
The taste of autumn is quiet, especially after the washing of autumn rain. The sky is vast, spotless, the air is crisp, and you can smell the white clouds when you look at the blue sky from afar. Different from the new green taste of the grass in spring, the grass in autumn exudes a light fragrance, which is a mature taste. It seems to have a memory of time, clear and faint, which makes you feel a boundless yearning.
The smell of autumn is fragrant. On the ground, beside the ditch, wild flowers are everywhere, some are delicate, some are pure, some are fragrant, and some are elegant … The scattered, dense and overlapping wild chrysanthemums that spread all over the mountain embankment have openly vented their golden colors into rivers and waterfalls, and the amber-like medicinal incense has gathered like clouds and fog without reservation, emitting mature and wild.
The taste of autumn is sweet, which comes from the fresh fragrance of melons and fruits and is a gift from nature. Eat a red date, crisp, sweet and memorable; Bite an apple, the juice is as sweet as honey … In the field, persimmons are covered with branches, and the red little persimmon is like red lanterns and pink smiling faces. Pick a ripe persimmon, soft and soft, bite a mouth, suck it with your mouth, and the persimmon meat with honey juice slides into your stomach, which is extremely sweet and wonderful, just like sucking mellow wine. The sweetness of persimmons hanging on trees is clearer, richer and more mellow after the autumn frost. This seems to imply the character of autumn. After the accumulation and fermentation in spring and summer, the thick and plump autumn is mature and more flavorful.
The taste of autumn is rich, just like pomegranate seeds as red as agate and as white as crystal, some are as sweet as honey, and some are sweet and sour. Just like the red jujube, such as pearls and jade, there is sweetness in the acid and acidity in the sweetness … The taste of autumn is so rich, so mature and so rich in connotation. This kind of taste not only makes you feel the joy of harvest, but also makes you feel the sweetness of life, and also makes you think about the life situation.
…… ……
What’s the smell of autumn?
It is a quiet and natural taste, a plump and thick taste, and a colorful taste …
After all, the taste of autumn is the taste of maturity.
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Buy grain (short story)

Text/Sun Changguo
When the neighbor’s chicken crowed for the first time, Geng Changfu got up. In fact, I didn’t sleep much all night. For three days, except for a full belly of boiled water, I didn’t touch my teeth. How can I sleep steadily?
The production team’s warehouse has long been out of food. The eldest brother and the second brother run out to dig wild vegetables every day, and sometimes they can’t dig less than half a basket on the 30-40-mile mountain road. After all, every household’s food is not plentiful. The child’s mother hasn’t had milk since she gave birth to three boys. The child cries with hunger every day. Poor big Ni ‘er is only seven years old, but every day she holds three children in her arms and asks others to find milk to eat. Er Nizi is only five years old, and she sits motionless in the corner like a sick little Yaner every day. That’s hungry …
With the faint light coming through the window, he glanced at the five children lying on the heatable adobe sleeping platform, and his empty heart suddenly became tighter.
At noon yesterday, he heard from the people who came back from Miao Mountain that there was a need for a large number of grass stalks on the construction site where the reservoir was built in Changzhuang, and he was wondering about a handful of grass left at home, which might be sold. Thinking of this, he put on a broken cotton-padded jacket and got up. He went to the kang and said something to the child’s mother, and then he went on his way with a straw.
It’s still a little cold in early spring, and I haven’t eaten for a few days. The 40-50-mile walk from home to Miaoshan feels particularly long. The sun climbed up the mountain and only walked more than ten miles, but the sweat on my face rolled like beans and fell down one by one. The wild vegetables on the roadside, including the tender leaves that are a little green, have long been picked up. At least I saw an elm tree, and Changfu broke off a branch and put it in my mouth to chew, so I felt a little full in my heart.
After barely walking more than ten miles, Changfu only felt that his footsteps were getting more and more stumbling and his head was getting heavier and heavier. He kept telling himself that he couldn’t fall down, and there were still several mouths at home waiting for him to get food back, but a fishy smell came to his throat, and then he didn’t know anything.
When he woke up again, he first saw the face of a People’s Liberation Army, and then fixed his eyes, only to find himself lying in the arms of another People’s Liberation Army. The People’s Liberation Army he saw was looking at him with a kettle.
"Hometown, what’s wrong with you? What’s wrong with you?" The PLA man with a kettle asked.
"I’m fine, maybe I just walked too much and was tired." Changfu replied.
Oh, take a sip of water and have a rest.
Looking at the kettle handed over by the People’s Liberation Army, Changfu said with a wry smile: "Thank you, Comrade. To tell you the truth, I haven’t eaten for two or three days, and my stomach is full of water. I really don’t want to drink it."
"I haven’t eaten for two or three days, so what are you?" ……
"There is really nothing to eat at home. I heard that there is a need for straw to build a water reservoir in Changzhuang. I want to try it in the past and stutter at home."
The air seemed to condense in an instant, and Changfu clearly saw the tears rolling out of the determined eyes of the two PLA men. They went to the side and muttered for a while. They came to Changfu and said, "Hometown, it’s still a long way to Changzhuang. Besides, people may not be able to collect your straw after going there. Just because the army needs straw, we will collect it and give you 20 Jin of sticks. What do you think?"
Twenty pounds, this load of straw is put aside at ordinary times, but even five pounds of sticks can’t be exchanged. All of a sudden, I gave twenty pounds, and Changfu didn’t believe his ears. At that time, he stammered. Two PLA men threw straw into the Bucket of the truck, and handed half a bag of sticks to Changfu’s hand, accompanied by two raw sweet potatoes: "Hometown, now the country is in trouble, we have to grit our teeth and get through it. These two sweet potatoes were given to you by us, so you should eat a cushion first." They drove away before Changfu could export the words of gratitude.
When it was dark, Changfu saw the crooked-necked tree at the head of the village and two monkey children waiting under it.
"Dad is back …" Seeing him from afar, the second child trotted over and spread out his dirty little hand: "Today, my eldest brother and I went to the Arnebia euchroma to dig vegetables and found a handful of soft dates for dad to eat." Zicaowa, it’s almost the border of the neighboring county. Looking at the soft dates in the children’s hands, Changfu couldn’t help but have a sour nose: "Good boy, go back and call your mother, say that Dad has bought food and come out to push it …"
When the water was boiling and the noodle was ready to be cooked, Changfu handed the child his mother two sweet potatoes, and one of them took a bite. Looking at the tooth marks on the sweet potatoes, the child’s mother didn’t say a word, and the tears in her eyes were scattered in the boiling water with the noodle, which made a beautiful splash.
About the author: Sun Changguo, pen name Damu, a native of Laiwu District, Jinan City, now lives in Boshan District, Zibo City. Vice chairman of Boshan Writers Association, director of Zibo Writers Association, member of Jinan Writers Association and member of Shandong Writing Society.
Yi Dian Hao da mu
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Spring ploughing is busy, spring is strong, and the vitality of spring is everywhere in the motherland.

CCTV News:Spring ploughing is busy and spring is strong. Next, we follow the camera to feel the vitality of spring all over the country.

What we are seeing now is 25,000 mu of wheat managed by a grain and cotton planting cooperative in Wucheng County, Dezhou, Shandong Province. At present, wheat has entered the jointing stage. Local archives have been established for all the entrusted plots, and remote sensing satellites can be used to monitor the growth and diseases and pests of wheat 24 hours a day, patrol the fields online and offline, and customize scientific and accurate water and fertilizer management schemes for farmers. Wisdom empowerment, symptomatic application of drugs to help stabilize production and increase production.

Following the camera, we came to Pingli County, Ankang, Shaanxi Province, deep in the Qinba Mountains. Among the mountains, green tea gardens and golden rape flowers reflect each other, adding bright colors to spring. The villagers transferred land and participated in the production and management of tea gardens and the cultivation of high-quality rapeseed to increase income. At present, the tea garden in Pingli County covers an area of 200,000 mu, and the tea industry and eco-tourism are integrated and developed to promote rural revitalization.

This is Andaqiha Village, Qunke Town, Hualong Hui Autonomous County, Haidong, Qinghai. In the early spring, more than 1,700 acres of apricot blossoms spread out in front of the village and behind the house. Huahai tourism has made this village on the bank of the Yellow River a well-known flower viewing place in the local spring, attracting many tourists every year, and the villagers will also prepare accommodation, catering and various special agricultural products. The quietly flowing Yellow River, the vast distant mountains and beautiful villages constitute a refreshing picture.

Now we come to Xiaotaipingcun Formation next to Taiping Lake in Mile City, Honghe, Yunnan Province. Spring grass, spring water, spring flowers and mountains and rivers are fascinating. Just a few years ago, it was a rocky desertification barren hillside with typical karst landforms. Most of the land in the village is mountainous with large slope and thin soil layer. Since 2016, Xiaotaiping Village has become a well-known ecological livable village by strengthening the linkage among counties, townships and villages, guiding multiple subjects to participate in rural governance, completing thousands of acres of rocky desertification and barren land improvement, and concentrating on circulation to develop nurseries and tourism.

What you are seeing now is the Wumeng Prairie in Panzhou City, Liupanshui, Guizhou Province. The mountains are stacked, and 40,000 mu of wild plateau dwarf rhododendrons are in full bloom. The average elevation of Wumeng Prairie is 2,500 meters. The local area attaches great importance to the protection of Rhododendron hybridum in the plateau, prohibits cutting, digging and climbing, pays attention to fire prevention, and strictly limits the number of grazing. Some time ago, the snowfall made the soil moisture of this plateau grassland abundant, and the azaleas also bloomed more beautifully.

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Abandoned for 65 years, the main fighter plane of World War II of the US Army "surfaced" on the British beach.

     

    [Content at a glance]In World War II, a P-38 fighter plane ambushed Isoroku Yamamoto’s plane and killed it. As for this fighter plane abandoned on the Welsh beach, it was gradually covered with sand and has been sleeping on the coast for 65 years. Its most famous achievement was the ambush of the plane of Isoroku Yamamoto, commander of the Japanese joint fleet, on April 18th, 1943, which killed the mastermind of the Pearl Harbor incident.


  


In World War II, a P-38 fighter plane ambushed Isoroku Yamamoto’s plane and killed it. [Profile picture]


  



The heroic attitude of P-38 Lightning fighter during World War II. [Profile picture]


The northern coast of Wales, England, has charming scenery and golden beaches, and tourists come in an endless stream in summer. Surprisingly, a plane was buried in the shallows for 65 years until July this year. According to expert appraisal, this rusty "antique" actually belongs to the famous American P-38 "Lightning" fighter in World War II.


Shoal surprises antique fighters


According to the British "Daily Mail" reported on November 15, this fighter plane was discovered by a family who came here for a holiday on July 31 this year. It may be because of the climate that the sand surface on the beach flowed and retreated, which made this plane see the light again. Before that, people built sand castles, walked and swam around it, but they didn’t know it existed at all.


At first, people thought it was an unmanned reconnaissance plane in the 1950s, but when an aviation fan saw the photos published in the local newspaper, he recognized its identity from its unique "double-body" shape-the P-38 Lightning, the main fighter of the US military in World War II, and then got in touch with American aviation historians.


Experts uncover twists and turns.


Through the serial number and other records of this fighter, the experts finally determined its identity. It was built in 1941, arrived in Britain in 1942, and then began to carry out combat missions along the coast from the Netherlands to Belgium. On September 27, 1942, Robert, a pilot from North Carolina? Fred? Lieutenant Eliot took part in the bombing exercise, but due to fuel supply problems, he was forced to make an emergency landing on the Welsh beach. Because the belly of the fighter plane landed in the shallows first, the wing tip of the plane broke, but Eliot was safe and sound. Unfortunately, three months later, Eliot, 24, was hit by the enemy in an air battle in Tunisia, flying another P-38 "Lightning" fighter plane, which was destroyed and killed, but his body and wreckage were never found.


As for this fighter plane abandoned on the Welsh beach, it was gradually covered with sand and has been sleeping on the coast for 65 years. Rick gillespie, the head of the International Organization for the Restoration of Historical Aircraft, who led the team to visit, said that some official records of the United States showed that the military dismantled its weapons and equipment and salvaged it because it could not take off on the beach. "But in fact, they didn’t do it. Because of the military’s information censorship system and the fact that Britain closed the beach in World War II and did not open it to the public, no one knew where it was hidden. "


This incident was later forgotten by American officials. On November 19, 1961, a fire destroyed a lot of data of the US Air Force, and the plane that had disappeared before was later listed as "officially abandoned" by the military and was not mentioned again.


Robert Jr., 64, who lives in Tennessee, USA? Eliot, the nephew of that young pilot, spent nearly 30 years trying to understand his uncle’s deeds. "For me, this is a major discovery, which makes me excited." He expressed his great hope to go to the scene to see the recovered fighter in person.


It once frightened the Japanese army.


It is reported that the P-38 "Lightning" fighter is the first twin-engine military aircraft developed by the famous Lockheed Aircraft Company. Johnson introduced it in the late 1930s. At the beginning of 1942, an F-4 reconnaissance plane modified from P-38 suddenly appeared over the southwest Pacific Ocean, which was the first appearance of P-38 on the battlefield, and then P-38 was put into the European battlefield one after another. Because the P-38 adopts the layout of double tail supports, it looks like two fuselage, and it was called "double-body demon" by the Axis forces at that time.


After 1943, P-38 also began to appear in the vast Pacific battlefield. With high speed, heavy armor and powerful firepower, the excellent characteristics of the P-38 made the Japanese army hate and fear. Its most famous achievement was the ambush of the plane of Isoroku Yamamoto, commander of the Japanese joint fleet, on April 18th, 1943, which killed the mastermind of the Pearl Harbor incident.


By the end of production in 1945, a total of 9,923 P-38 models had been produced, but there were only 32 complete machines and some spare parts. The newly discovered plane on the Welsh beach may be the oldest "Lightning" fighter. The "International Organization for the Restoration of Historical Aircraft" plans to join hands with experts from the British Museum to begin the restoration of this fighter in the spring of 2008. The British Imperial War Museum and the Royal Air Force Museum are also interested in this. In order to prevent being robbed, the authorities did not announce the current specific location of the fighter plane, but let it continue to return to the cover of sand. (China Daily website/Kang Juan)


  



The United States builds a "space fighter" with 6 times the speed of sound, and it is powerful to drop bombs in low-earth orbit.


American warships visited northern Vietnam for the first time after the normalization of US-Vietnam relations.


The F-35 "Lightning 2", a new generation stealth fighter in the United States, was publicly unveiled.


In 2009, the United States provided Pakistan with F-16 technology that was prohibited from leaking to China.


The United States will allocate $100 million to develop space attack weapons.

Editor: Cao Jin

2021 "Civil Code" inheritance new rules: four kinds of property can not be inherited (detailed explanation+law)

The Civil Code of People’s Republic of China (PRC) will be implemented from January 1st, 2021.One of them is rightHow can parents’ property be transferred to their children through inheritance?Detailed regulations have been made, and many of these regulations are new regulations put forward in combination with the current situation. That is to say,The new rules of "inheritance right", starting from 2021, all parents’ properties will be disposed of according to the "new rules".
Change 1
The new right of inheritance has increased. Two ways to make a will
In the past, the common and most effective way to make a will wasGo to the notary office for notarization,However, people who want to make a will are generally elderly people, and their actions are naturally slow and inconvenient. The notary office is tens of hundreds of kilometers away, and the old people can’t stand this toss.
New inheritance rules,Added two legal and effective ways to make a will: video will and print will.This can alleviate many troubles of the old people. For example, many old people can’t read or know clearly when they are old, so they can make videos.
Change 2
In order to prevent being forced to make a will, the "witness" rule has been added.
In order to compete for their parents’ real estate, some children will do strange things, such as telling their parents something in advance and asking them to make a will according to their own opinions, otherwise there will be serious consequences.
So, in order to prevent this from happening,It is stipulated that two witnesses must be present to ensure that the will comes from the old man’s inner thoughts.
Change 3
The newly added "forgiveness" system of wills
When the heir repented after doing something wrong, he got the understanding and forgiveness of the decedent, and the normal family relationship was repaired.The law will restore its inheritance right, which is the inheritance "forgiveness system".
The "forgiveness system" has been recognized in the previous judicial interpretation and has achieved good results in judicial practice. This system is actuallyIt gives the heir a chance to turn over a new leaf, and at the same time it embodies the rule design that respects the will of the decedent.
Change 4
New regulation settingThe principle of "the latest will comes first"
As long as it is a legal and valid will,Which will is the latest and latest from now?,Then this will will be executed as the most effective will.
This was not possible in the past. According to the previous regulations, in all kinds of wills,Only "notarized will" has the greatest legal benefit,No matter what kind of will the children hold, as long as there is a notarized will, it will eventually prevail.
The new regulations are in chronological order,The latest will will be executed according to this will.
Change 5
The new regulations have increased the scope of effective heirs.
In order to pursue a higher quality of life, more and more young people are reluctant to have children. With the shrinking of families becoming more and more obvious, many families mayWithout the first and second legal and effective heirs,So who will the property and real estate that these people have struggled for a lifetime eventually give?
The new regulations add heirs.Scope, nephews, nieces, nephews and nieces are among them.You can inherit the property according to law.
The above is the new civil code
Changes about inheritance
I also want to remind everyone.
There are four kinds of property that cannot be inherited.
Some of them are only children.
one
Among the property jointly owned by the decedent and others,What belongs to others cannot be inherited.
This situation means that the property appears to belong to the decedent,In fact, the decedent does not own all the ownership,The most common situation is that husband and wife share property.
for instance
Lao Zhang and his wife have two sons. The couple bought a house after marriage and registered it in Lao Zhang’s name. After his wife died, Lao Zhang lived with his youngest son. Now Lao Zhang has passed away, leaving a will stating that the house belongs to the younger son.
Does that mean that the eldest son can’t get a room?No, the eldest son can still get one-sixth of the property.Why? Look at the picture below to understand ↓
edit
In fact, Lao Zhang’s wife also owns half of the house. If Lao Zhang’s wife didn’t make a will before her death, according to the law,Half of the property in Lao Zhang’s wife’s hand will be shared equally by Lao Zhang, the eldest son and the youngest son.
As a result of the distribution, Lao Zhang holds 2/3 of the property rights, and the eldest son and the younger son each hold 1/6 of the property rights.And Lao Zhang’s will can only determine the ownership of 2/3 of the house.
It is also true that the only child may not inherit his own house on the Internet. How to solve these problems? Simple, just make a will and make it clear.
2
Some rights cannot be inherited.
for examplePersonal rights and intellectual property rights.Lao Zhang wrote a best-selling book, which earned considerable copyright income every year. After Lao Zhang died, his only son Xiao Zhang was the heir.You can still enjoy copyright income,But Lao Zhang, as the author of this work,The right of signature, including the right to modify the work, etc.Xiao Zhang can’t inherit it.
three
Death compensation and pension cannot be inherited.
Because this property is generally obtained after the decedent died in an accident or on business, it is a financial subsidy and spiritual comfort to the close relatives of the deceased. Attention!This is for the close relatives of the deceased, so it does not belong to the deceased’s estate and cannot be inherited.
four
Insurance money generally cannot be inherited.
Whether the insurance money can be inherited as an inheritance depends. Generally speaking, if the insurance specifies the beneficiary, after the death of the insured,The insurance money should belong to the beneficiary, not the insured’s estate.Except for special circumstances, of course.
The full text of the Civil Code-Inheritance:
Part VI Inheritance
Chapter I General Provisions
Chapter II Legal Succession
Chapter III Testamentary Succession and Legacy
Chapter IV Disposal of Legacy
Part VI Inheritance
Chapter I General Provisions
Article 119 This Part regulates civil relations arising from inheritance.
Article 120 The State protects the right of inheritance of natural persons.
Article 121 Inheritance begins at the death of the decedent.
If several people who are related to each other died in the same event, and it is difficult to determine the time of death, it is presumed that the person without other heirs died first. There are other heirs, and if there are different generations, it is presumed that the elders will die first; Those of the same generation are presumed to have died at the same time, and there is no succession to each other.
Article 122 An inheritance is the personal legal property left by a natural person when he dies.
An inheritance that cannot be inherited according to the law or its nature shall not be inherited.
Article 123 After the succession begins, it shall be handled in accordance with the statutory succession. If there is a will, it shall be inherited or bequeathed according to the will; If there is a legacy support agreement, it shall be handled in accordance with the agreement.
Article 1124 If an heir abandons the inheritance after the inheritance begins, he shall make a written statement of abandonment before the disposal of the inheritance; If there is no indication, it is regarded as accepting inheritance.
The legatee shall, within 60 days after knowing the legacy, make an indication of accepting or giving up the legacy; If there is no indication of maturity, it shall be regarded as giving up the legacy.
Article 1125 An heir who commits one of the following acts shall lose the right of inheritance:
(1) Intentionally killing the decedent;
(2) Killing other heirs in order to compete for inheritance;
(3) Abandoning the decedent or maltreating the decedent if the circumstances are serious;
(4) Forging, tampering, concealing or destroying a will, if the circumstances are serious;
(5) forcing or obstructing the decedent to establish, change or withdraw his will by fraud or coercion, and the circumstances are serious.
If the heir has committed the acts mentioned in Items 3 to 5 of the preceding paragraph, and indeed shows repentance, and the decedent expresses forgiveness or lists him as an heir in his will afterwards, the heir shall not lose his inheritance right.
If the legatee commits the act specified in the first paragraph of this article, he shall lose the right to be bequeathed.
Chapter II Legal Succession
Article 126 The right of inheritance is equal between men and women.
Article 127 The inheritance shall be inherited in the following order:
(1) First order: spouse, children and parents;
(2) The second order: brothers and sisters, grandparents and grandparents.
After the inheritance begins, the successor in the first order inherits, and the successor in the second order does not inherit; If there is no successor in the first order, it will be inherited by the successor in the second order.
The children mentioned in this Part include children born in wedlock, children born out of wedlock, adopted children and stepchildren with dependency.
The parents mentioned in this Part include biological parents, adoptive parents and step parents with dependent relationship.
Brothers and sisters referred to in this part include brothers and sisters with the same parents, half-brothers or half-brothers, adopted brothers and sisters, and stepbrothers and sisters with dependent relationships.
Article 128 If the decedent’s children died before the decedent, subrogation inheritance shall be the direct descendant of the decedent’s children.
If the decedent’s brother and sister died before the decedent, subrogation inheritance, the child of the decedent’s brother and sister.
Generally speaking, subrogation inheritance people can only inherit the share of the inheritance that subrogation inheritance people have the right to inherit.
Article 129 A widowed daughter-in-law who has performed the main duty of supporting her in-laws and her in-laws shall be regarded as the first heir.
Article 130 Generally, heirs in the same order shall inherit an equal share of the estate.
Heirs who have special difficulties in life and lack the ability to work should be taken care of when distributing their inheritance.
Heirs who have made major maintenance obligations to the decedent or who live together with the decedent may get more points when distributing their inheritance.
If an heir who has the ability and conditions to support fails to fulfill his obligation to support, he shall not divide or divide the inheritance.
If the heirs agree through consultation, they may also be unequal.
Article 131 A proper inheritance may be distributed to those who depend on the support of the decedent other than the heir, or those who support the decedent more than the heir.
Article 132 The heirs shall handle the issue of inheritance through consultation in the spirit of mutual understanding, mutual accommodation, harmony and unity. The time, method and share of inheritance division shall be determined by the heirs through consultation; If negotiation fails, the people’s mediation committee may mediate or bring a lawsuit to the people’s court.
Chapter III Testamentary Succession and Legacy
Article 133 A natural person may make a will to dispose of personal property in accordance with the provisions of this Law, and may appoint an executor.
A natural person may make a will to designate personal property to be inherited by one or more legal heirs.
A natural person may make a will to donate personal property to an organization or individual other than the state, the collective or the legal heir.
A natural person may establish a testamentary trust according to law.
Article 134 A self-written will shall be written and signed by the testator, indicating the year, month and day.
Article 135 A will in lieu of letters shallThere are more than two witnesses present to witness., written by one of them, and signed by the testator, the representative and other witnesses, indicating the year, month and day.
Article 136 A printed will shall be witnessed by two or more witnesses. The testator and the witness shall sign on each page of the will, indicating the year, month and day.
Article 137 A will made in the form of audio and video recording shall be witnessed by two or more witnesses. The testator and the witness shall record their names or portraits, as well as the year, month and day in audio and video recordings.
Article 138 A testator may make an oral will in an emergency. An oral will shall be witnessed by two or more witnesses. After the emergency situation is eliminated, if the testator can make a will in writing or in the form of audio and video recording, the oral will made is invalid.
Article 139 A notarized will shall be handled by the testator through a notarization institution.
Article 140 The following persons cannot be witnesses to a will:
(1) Persons without capacity for civil conduct, persons with limited capacity for civil conduct, and other persons without witness capacity;
(2) Heirs and legatees;
(3) People who have an interest in the heirs and legatees.
Article 141 A will shall reserve the necessary share of the estate for the heirs who lack the ability to work and have no source of income.
Article 142 A testator may withdraw or change his will.
After making a will, if the testator carries out a civil legal act contrary to the contents of the will, it shall be regarded as the withdrawal of the relevant contents of the will.
There are several wills, and if the contents conflict, the last will shall prevail.
Article 143 A will made by a person without or with limited capacity for civil conduct is invalid.
A will must express the true meaning of the testator, and a will made by fraud or coercion is invalid.
Forged wills are invalid.
If the will is tampered with, the tampered contents are invalid.
Article 144 Where there are obligations attached to the inheritance or bequest of a will, the successor or legatee shall perform the obligations. If a person fails to perform his obligations without justifiable reasons, the people’s court may, at the request of the interested party or the relevant organization, revoke his right to accept part of the inheritance with obligations.
Chapter IV Disposal of Legacy
Article 1145 After the succession begins, the executor is the administrator of the estate. If there is no executor, the successor shall elect the administrator of the estate in time; If the heirs are not elected, the heirs shall jointly serve as the estate manager; If there is no heir or all heirs give up inheritance, the civil affairs department or villagers’ committee of the decedent’s domicile shall be the administrator of the estate.
Article 146 Where there is a dispute over the determination of the estate manager, the interested party may apply to the people’s court for the appointment of the estate manager.
Article 1147 An estate administrator shall perform the following duties:
(a) to clean up the heritage and make a list of the heritage;
(2) reporting the inheritance to the heirs;
(3) Take necessary measures to prevent the damage and loss of the heritage;
(4) Handling the creditor’s rights and debts of the decedent;
(five) according to the will or in accordance with the law;
(six) the implementation of other necessary acts related to the management of the estate.
Article 148 An estate administrator shall perform his duties according to law, and shall bear civil liability if his heirs, legatees and creditors are harmed by intentional or gross negligence.
Article 149 An administrator of an estate may be remunerated according to the law or the agreement.
Article 150 After the commencement of inheritance, the heir who knows the death of the decedent shall promptly notify other heirs and the executor. If none of the heirs knows the decedent’s death or knows the decedent’s death and cannot notify him, the unit where the decedent worked before his death or the residents’ committee or villagers’ committee at his domicile shall be responsible for notifying him.
Article 1151 A person who has an inheritance shall take good care of it, and no organization or individual may embezzle or scramble for it.
Article 152 After the succession begins, if the heir dies before the division of the estate and does not give up the inheritance, the inheritance that the heir should inherit shall be transferred to his successor, unless it is otherwise arranged in the will.
Article 153 Unless otherwise agreed, when dividing the property jointly owned by husband and wife, half of the property jointly owned shall be divided into the spouse’s property and the rest shall be the decedent’s property.
If the inheritance is among the common property of the family, when the inheritance is divided, the property of others should be divided first.
Article 1154 Under any of the following circumstances, the relevant part of the estate shall be handled in accordance with the statutory succession:
(1) The testator waives the inheritance or the legatee waives the legacy;
(2) The testator loses the right of inheritance or the legatee loses the right of bequest;
(3) The testator’s successor or legatee dies or terminates before the testator;
(4) the legacy involved in the invalid part of the will;
(5) the legacy that has not been disposed of in the will.
Article 155 When the estate is divided, the share of the fetus’s inheritance shall be reserved. The fetus is dead when it is delivered, and the reserved share shall be handled in accordance with legal inheritance.
Article 1156 The division of an estate shall be beneficial to the needs of production and life, and shall not damage the utility of the estate.
Legacy that is not suitable for division can be handled by discount, appropriate compensation or joint ownership.
Article 157 If one spouse remarries after the death of the other spouse, he has the right to dispose of the inherited property, and no organization or individual may interfere.
Article 158 A natural person may sign a legacy support agreement with an organization or individual other than the heir. According to the agreement, the organization or individual shall bear the obligation of keeping the natural person alive and having the right to be bequeathed.
Article 159 When dividing an estate, the taxes and debts that the decedent should pay according to law shall be paid off. However, the necessary inheritance should be reserved for heirs who lack the ability to work and have no source of income.
Article 160 An inheritance that has neither been inherited nor bequeathed shall be owned by the state and used for public welfare undertakings. If the deceased was a member of a collective ownership organization before his death, it belongs to the collective ownership organization where he belongs.
Article 161 The successor shall pay off the taxes and debts that the decedent should pay according to law within the limit of the actual value of the acquired estate. If the part exceeds the actual value of the estate, the heir will voluntarily repay it.
If the heir renounces inheritance, he may not be liable for paying off the taxes and debts that the decedent should pay according to law.
Article 162 The execution of bequests shall not hinder the payment of taxes and debts that should be paid by the legatee according to law.
Article 163 If there are both legal and testamentary inheritances and bequests, the legal heir shall pay off the taxes and debts that the decedent should pay according to law. The part exceeding the actual value of the statutory inheritance shall be paid off by the testator and legatee in proportion to the income.
Reporting/feedback

The sun will live a billion years less? It’s not just you and me.

  Can you imagine a world without the sun? Astronomers’ research shows that if there is no sun, the average surface temperature of the earth will drop to below-17.78 degrees Celsius in a week, and it will drop to-73.33 degrees Celsius in a year. Most plants will die in a few weeks, and then most life will disappear because of the disappearance of the sun, and everything will be dead.

  Now we know how important the sun is to us! However, something unfortunate happened. Recently, foreign scientists’ research on the metal abundance of the sun shows that we may overestimate the life of the sun by one billion years, and the sun may die one billion years earlier than we expected.

  Elemental abundance controls the sun’s life gate

  It is understood that scientists have previously deduced that the life of the sun is about 10 billion years based on the standard solar model that ignores the rotation effect, which is a theoretical value simulated by the stellar evolution program, not a real value. And this value only refers to the central hydrogen combustion life in the theory of star evolution.

  "This is not to say that the sun really can only exist for 10 billion years. The accurate statement should be called the main sequence life of the solar model. In theory, the sun will become a red giant in about 10 billion years, but it still exists and will emit more sunlight. " Associate Professor Yang Wuming from the Astronomy Department of Beijing Normal University told the Science and Technology Daily reporter.

  He said that there are many preconditions to get the theoretical value of 10 billion years, and it is necessary to assume the initial element abundance of the sun and the physical process inside the sun. The life of the solar model is different with different initial element abundances. Because it is impossible to really get the initial element abundance of the sun and determine its internal physical processes, the life of the sun and even other stars cannot be accurately estimated.

  Twenty years ago, astronomers’ direct and indirect measurements of the sun showed that the metal abundance of the sun was around 1.8%; However, the latest solar spectrum measurement shows that the metal abundance of the sun is only 1.3%, which is far lower than the previous measurement results, and correspondingly, the life of the sun will be reduced by 1 billion years.

  The so-called solar metal abundance is the general term for the abundance of solar elements except hydrogen and helium. This metal is different from what we usually call metals. Because the contents of hydrogen and helium in the sun account for the vast majority, astronomers call all the heavier elements in the sun "metals". Although the content of these metals is small, it affects the fate of the sun.

  Because the electrons of metal elements easily absorb photons, which hinders radiation, the higher the metal abundance of the sun or star, the higher the opacity. The opacity of the sun or star is closely related to its life, temperature, brightness and other properties. Sani Vaniotch, a physicist who studies solar metal abundance at Stockholm University in Sweden, said that a very small amount of metal is enough to completely change the behavior of a star, and metal abundance can basically tell you how the star will die.

  Influence of atmospheric model on solar lifetime estimation

  The solar spectral measurement used in the latest research usually means that astronomers get the spectral lines of all measurable elements such as hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and iron through solar spectral analysis, and then compare them with the spectral lines given by the solar atmospheric model. When the two are consistent, the abundance of elements such as hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and iron used in the atmospheric model is considered as the element abundance of the solar photosphere. "However, this method cannot obtain the relative abundance of inert gases such as helium, neon and argon. The abundance of helium on the surface of the sun can only be inferred by helioseismology. " Yang Wuming said.

  After the latest measurement results come out, many people are wondering: Why is there such a big difference between the solar metal abundance measured before and after?

  In this regard, Yang Wuming explained that the old solar metal abundance was derived from the one-dimensional atmospheric model of local thermal balance combined with the observed spectral lines; The new solar metal abundance is derived from the three-dimensional atmospheric model of non-local thermal balance combined with the observed spectral lines. The old one-dimensional atmospheric model is considered to ignore many physical factors. Some scientists think that the new atmospheric model is closer to the real situation, and it is the improvement of the atmospheric model and the update of the transition probability data of atoms and molecules that cause the difference in the abundance of old and new metal elements.

  In the evolution of stars, if other conditions remain unchanged, the decrease of metal abundance will lead to the energy generated by the central nuclear reaction radiating outward more easily. However, the energy tends to radiate outward, which will cause the star to contract more easily and increase the density and temperature of the center of the star. More importantly, the increase of density and temperature will accelerate the hydrogen combustion rate, which will lead to the shortening of the total time of central hydrogen combustion, that is, the main sequence life of the solar model will be shortened. However, if other conditions change, such as the increase of hydrogen abundance or the influence of the sun’s rotation on its evolution, then the aforementioned life reduction does not exist.

  So, how to verify which method is more correct in the future?

  In Yang Wuming’s view, the answer to this question lies in which metal abundance measurement is more accurate and whether the helioseismology inversion result is reliable. Only by giving the correct abundance of solar elements can we determine how long the life of the sun is. If we can give a new solar model of gold abundance consistent with the helioseismology inversion results, all related problems will be solved.

  Life geometry is related to the theory of stellar evolution.

  Chen Pengfei, a professor at the School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, said that he was inclined to think that the initial life span of the sun was correct, and the life span of the sun would not be reduced by one billion years. "For several reasons, I prefer to think that the original model is correct: first, the measurement results of metal abundance in the solar wind by satellites support 1.8%; Secondly, the density of photosphere on the surface of the sun is high enough, so it is reasonable to adopt the approximation of local heat balance model in the past; Thirdly, the new model takes into account the inhomogeneity of the solar atmosphere, which is indeed an improvement, but it also ignores other factors, such as the influence of magnetic field; Fourth, to take a step back, even if the results of the new model are correct, because the distribution of metal abundance may be uneven, the metal abundance on the surface of the sun may be different from that inside. " Chen Pengfei said.

  At the same time, Yang Wuming also agrees that the initial solar life is correct. He said that the life of the sun has not been overestimated by 1 billion years, and that the life of the sun is overestimated because only the reduction of metal abundance is considered. When the influence of hydrogen abundance increase and rotation on the evolution of the sun is considered, the life of the sun will not be reduced.

  However, the astrophysicist Martin asp Lund of the Australian National University insists that the 1.3% solar metal abundance is correct. He said that all aspects of astronomy will be affected, and an accurate understanding of the evolution of stars has laid the foundation for almost everything.

  So, if astronomers do overestimate the life of the sun by one billion years, what theories need to be revised?

  In Yang Wuming’s view, if the life of the sun is really overestimated by 1 billion years, it shows that the theory of stellar evolution established by astronomers before is not complete, so they need to re-examine the theory and model of stellar evolution established before. For example, the standard theory of star evolution ignores the influence of star rotation, but in fact all stars are rotating. We have reached the time when we need to seriously consider the influence of rotation on the evolution of stars. Astronomical research on star clusters and galaxies depends on the theory of stellar evolution to a certain extent. If the theory of stellar evolution is wrong, the previous understanding of star clusters and galaxies needs to be adjusted.