上海贵族宝贝龙凤楼 – 第 2 页 – 上海后花园论坛-上海419论坛-夜上海论坛-阿拉爱上海

Cultural self-confidence, spiritual strength is more high.

Source: People’s Daily Online-People’s Daily Overseas Edition

Traditional non-legacy relies on the short video "circle powder" for the younger generation; The Battle at Lake Changjin, The Awakeing Age and other main melody film and television works have aroused empathy among the whole people; Weekends in museums and grand theaters have become a lifestyle … In the past year, China’s cultural undertakings and cultural industries have flourished, and people’s sense of cultural acquisition and happiness has been continuously enhanced.

Culture makes the country prosperous and the nation strong. The Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee clearly put forward the long-term goal of building a cultural power by 2035. How to stimulate endogenous motivation with culture and condense the spiritual strength of forging ahead in a new journey? Our reporter interviewed a number of deputies.

Cultural undertakings flourish.

According to Yan Jingming, member of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and vice chairman of the Chinese Writers Association, literary and artistic creation has flourished in recent years, and literature, movies, TV dramas and stage art have all made great achievements, which is gratifying. "China writers have provided a large number of excellent works to express real life, tell the story of China well and carry forward the main theme of the times; Excellent film and television dramas carry forward the spirit of the times and are full of feelings of home and country, which has aroused enthusiastic response among the broad masses of the people, especially young audiences, and fully embodies the power of culture. "

Cultural undertakings such as press and publication, radio, film and television, literature and art have flourished, further enriching the spiritual and cultural life of the people; Museums and city parks are open for free, and public cultural services are continuously upgraded, making it more convenient for people to enjoy cultural life.

According to the statistics of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, by the end of 2020, there were 3,212 public libraries, 618 art galleries, 5,788 museums, 3,327 cultural centers, more than 40,000 cultural stations and 575,400 village-level comprehensive cultural service centers. All public libraries, cultural centers, cultural stations, art galleries and more than 90% museums are open free of charge, achieving "barrier-free, zero threshold".

Wu Weishan, member of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and director of China Art Museum, has a deep understanding of the people’s high cultural enthusiasm. Since the normalization of epidemic prevention and control, the number of people making appointments for China Art Museum is 1,800 per day, and tickets are often booked out several days in advance, especially on weekends. "This reflects the public’s demand for beauty and culture." Wu Weishan said that the China Art Museum also responded to the public’s voice by holding online exhibitions and other ways. In his view, it is necessary to strengthen the aesthetic education of the whole people, enrich and cultivate the social and cultural atmosphere with the idea, spirit, behavior and creation of beauty, improve the aesthetic and humanistic quality of the whole people and enhance cultural self-confidence with aesthetic education and cultural people.

Cultural self-confidence is constantly increasing.

Only by establishing a high degree of cultural self-confidence, can a country and a nation forge the determination to persist, the courage to work hard and the vitality of innovation and creation, and let the spiritual building of the country and the nation stand tall. At this year’s two sessions, the deputies generally felt that with the continuous development of China’s cultural undertakings and cultural industries, people’s spiritual and cultural life has been continuously enriched and cultural self-confidence has been continuously enhanced.

"In the process of China opera going out, we won applause and recognition from the world audience, which greatly enhanced the cultural confidence of our opera people. We are increasingly aware that only national ones are the world’s. " Li Shujian, deputy to the National People’s Congress and vice chairman of the Chinese Dramatists Association, said. In recent years, he has led Henan Yu Theatre to perform in more than 30 countries and regions, including Broadway in the United States and Dolby Theatre in Hollywood. "Especially after the performance of Henan Opera" Cheng Ying Saving the Orphan "in the United States, local stars enthusiastically took photos with us, and many foreign audiences met me backstage and said that we told a good story." Li Shujian said. In order to facilitate the understanding of foreign audiences, "Saving the Orphan in Cheng Ying" has subtitles in seven languages.

It is not only a traditional opera, but also the original opera’s going out to sea has let the world see the new atmosphere of China culture.

Ke Jun, deputy to the National People’s Congress and general manager of Jiangsu Performing Arts Group, said that the original operas such as River of Transportation, Jian Zhen’s East Crossing and Rabe’s Diary used the concept of integration and innovation to tell the story of China in an international language, and promoted the exchange of civilizations and mutual learning. Among them, "Jian Zhen’s Journey to the East" and "Rabe’s Diary" toured in Los Angeles, new york, Berlin, Hamburg and Vienna respectively in 2019, and were appraised by Chinese and foreign media as "China’s original opera with high standard, high quality, deep connotation, phenomenal level and world level".

"These achievements have enabled us to see the new atmosphere of a cultural power and greatly enhanced our cultural self-confidence. The creative transformation and innovative development of Chinese excellent traditional culture is promising. " Ke Jun said.

Building a strong cultural country

This year is the second year of implementing the 14th Five-Year Plan. How to better promote the construction of a strong cultural country is also a topic of concern to the deputies.

The success of the opening ceremony of the Beijing Winter Olympics showed the world the strength of digital technology in China and the charm of China culture. With the help of new technologies such as 5G, ultra-high-definition video and free viewing angle, the audience has gained a better sense of immersion and presence, which are the cultural and scientific achievements of the deep integration of cultural industries and new technologies.

This year’s government work report puts forward, "promote the digitalization of public culture, promote the optimization of the layout of grassroots cultural facilities and resource sharing, and expand the supply of high-quality cultural products and services." In this regard, Ma Huateng, deputy to the National People’s Congress and chairman and CEO of Tencent’s board of directors, believes that the integration of cultural science and technology is the cross-cutting field of the two strategies of strengthening the country by culture and technology, and the special project of "cross-border application" of cultural scientific and technological achievements should be deployed to promote the value spillover for other industries, further enhance the independent innovation capability of science and technology, and at the same time deploy the special project of "deep application" of cultural scientific and technological achievements to promote the high-quality development of cultural industries.

Han Yongjin, deputy to the National People’s Congress and chairman of the National Library Council, believes that it is necessary to strengthen the theoretical research of cultural power, especially the research on the index system of cultural power; At the same time, we should pay attention to giving full play to the power of literature classics to make the words in them come alive. "Literature classics are engraved with the spirit of China and the soul of the nation, bearing the historical memory, ideological wisdom and knowledge system of the Chinese nation, and are the driving force and source for us to realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation." Han Yongjin said that the most fundamental thing to make the words in the classics come alive is to guide everyone to read. This year, national reading has appeared in the government work report for the ninth time.

Embracing the future is also the aspiration of the representatives of the literary and art circles. Ji Wei, member of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and vice chairman of the Chinese Quyi Artists Association, believes that the COVID-19 epidemic has changed the performance mode of traditional Quyi. "In the Internet age, traditional folk art cannot be absent. Every literary and art troupe must adapt to the new situation in which online and offline performance methods coexist and communication methods change, and give full play to the role of literary light cavalry. " Ji Wei said, "As long as the’ soul’ of traditional folk art is still there, it will certainly attract the attention of young people."

Scarlett Johansson： How beautiful is a woman that Durant can’t have？

The famous NBA star once said on social media, "I want to drink Scarlett Johansson’s bath water", but Scarlett Johansson was not interested in Du Xiaoshuai’s confession. How beautiful is she?

Scarlett Johansson, like a quiet moonlight passing through the years, blooms a splendid spark in the endless night. Her beauty, different from ordinary absolute beauty, is more like a gorgeous dream, hovering quietly in the depths of the soul.

Her face is like a carved work of art, and the slight radian outlines a perfect curve, revealing calmness and mystery. Her eyes, like a deep lake, bear endless wisdom and tenderness, and each eye intersection can make people dream. And that red lip is like a cherry, blooming with enchanting temptation, as if telling all kinds of feelings precipitated in the heart.

Her hair, black as a waterfall, brushed over her shoulders, silky, and emitting a faint fragrance. The breeze gently caresses the forehead, just like a plain hand, which reminds people of lost dreams.

Scarlett’s figure is like a god descending from heaven. Tall and graceful figure and perfect curve outline elegant charm. When she walks, every step is like a poetic dance, which makes people intoxicated.

However, her beauty goes beyond her appearance. Her introverted temperament hides an indescribable agility and tenacity. Her wisdom is like a bright moon hanging high, calm and wise, emitting a confident light.

Scarlett Johansson, her beauty is a kind of soul resonance. Her charm stretches in the long river of time, like a gorgeous dream, intoxicating, fascinating and unforgettable. She is the immortal legend that blooms under the starlight, and her beauty will last forever with the years.

Guo Ailun has a brand-new mentality and is optimistic about the future! Looking forward to the limitless of Liao basket!

Guo Ailun faced the future with a brand-new mentality, showing optimism and self-confidence. Although losing the national team made him feel frustrated, he was not bothered. Instead, he focused on rehabilitation and personal growth, and firmly believed that his future was still bright. His love for basketball and loyalty to Liaoning men’s basketball team are admirable. Facing the future challenges, Guo Ailun opened his heart and looked forward to the limitless possibilities of Liaoning men’s basketball team. His positive attitude and tenacious belief will not only bring him greater personal breakthrough, but also bring more glory and hope to China basketball. Guo Ailun, a high-profile young basketball player in China, has recently experienced a low ebb. Losing the national team is a loss for any player, but Guo Ailun is not depressed. Instead, he turned his attention to rehabilitation and personal growth.

In the days of recovery from injury, he insisted on hard training and never gave up once. He knows that only through continuous efforts can he shine again on the basketball court. For Guo Ailun, basketball is not only a profession, but also a passion. From his infatuation with basketball when he was young to his hard work later, he always regarded basketball as an indispensable part of his life. Liaoning men’s basketball team is his home, and his sense of belonging makes him feel grateful and devote all his strength to the team. No matter what kind of pressure and difficulties he faced, Guo Ailun was consistent. He interpreted the word loyalty with practical actions. Looking ahead, Guo Ailun is full of confidence. He believes that his future is still bright, and the future Liaoning men’s basketball team is also a world full of hope.

He knew that the road to basketball would not be smooth sailing, but he didn’t flinch. On the contrary, he regards challenges as opportunities and believes that there will always be wisdom and hard work in front of difficulties. He is eager to make great achievements in the future basketball field and win glory for the team and the country. Guo Ailun’s tenacious belief and positive attitude not only affect himself, but also bring more hope to China basketball. He is an example for countless basketball teenagers and the goal they study and pursue. He told everyone with his own practical actions that as long as he has a dream and is down to earth, he can overcome all difficulties and usher in the dawn of success. Under his leadership, the future of Liaoning men’s basketball team is limitless. He will go hand in hand with his teammates and fight for the honor of the team. He knows that only by uniting and cooperating can he achieve greater success.

There may still be many tests in the future, but he firmly believes that as long as we unite and work together, the Liaoning men’s basketball team will surely hit the peak again. To sum up, Guo Ailun faced the future with a brand-new mentality, showing optimism and self-confidence. He firmly believes that his future is still bright, and his love for basketball and loyalty to the Liaoning men’s basketball team are admirable. His positive attitude and tenacious belief will not only bring him greater personal breakthrough, but also bring more glory and hope to China basketball. Let’s look forward to Guo Ailun’s wonderful performance and cheer for him! The future of Liaoning men’s basketball team is limitless, and we are proud of the bright future of China basketball!

Hu Baosen personally supervised the Henan team and won the first victory at home.

Last night’s sailing stadium was happy. When the scoreboard was finally fixed at 1:0, Sarkozy and his coaching team were surrounded, and the fans at the scene left excited tears. At this moment, the Henan team waited for too long. Since the start of the tournament, the seven rounds of unbeatable haze have been swept away. Although the current Henan team is still mired in relegation, it has finally ushered in a glimmer of light.

In the 31st minute of the competition, the stands of the aviation body were dotted with stars, and the fans turned on the lights of their mobile phones to celebrate the 31st birthday of Henan Football. Among them was Hu Baosen, the boss of Jianye Group, who had been committed to Henan Football for 30 years.

In 1994, when Henan professional football was faced with a "life-and-death choice", Hu Baosen took over the Henan team with "rushing to the top and getting angry". Who knew that it was 30 years, and although he experienced too much bitterness and injustice in the middle, even though the "Jianye" used for 30 years was cut off by the "neutral name" of the Football Association, he still carried it down without hesitation, and invisibly Hu Baosen became a banner of Henan professional football.

2023 is the third year of Henan team’s share reform. Although the shares held by Jianye are decreasing, Lao Hu’s love for football has not diminished. Just as the team was in a precarious situation, Hu Baosen once again came to the stadium to watch the battle. The players on the field seemed to be injected with a needle of "stimulant". Even Ke Zhao and Li Songyi, who were rough in previous games, were like a different person, fighting actively and bloody, and performed well at both ends of the attack and defense. Wang Shangyuan, the captain of the team, was injured in the 27th minute, which cast a shadow over the game. However, at this time, Ke Zhao and Covic stood out, and it was their tacit understanding of "connection" that scored the winning goal for the team and helped the Henan team win the first game in 2023.

Although it won the first victory in the league, this victory is not enough to get the team out of the quagmire. At present, the team has 7 points, only 1 point higher than the relegation circle. The future situation is still grim. The next round of the team will go to Shanghai to challenge the current "leading" Shanghai Shanghai team, but the alarm in Henan has not been lifted, and the front line is weak, the lineup is not complete and the camp is full of injuries. This is a cruel reality faced by the team and an urgent problem to be solved.

No matter how bumpy the road ahead is, we must go on without hesitation. Hu Baosen’s performance in the air also gave the fans a "reassurance" and quelled the "rumor" that the Henan team might quit at the end of the year. As long as Lao Hu is there, Henan professional football is there. This is a spirit, a belief and a trust.

I wish Henan football better and better!

The Best Goalkeeper in IFFHS History： Buffon Cassie, Neuer’s top three, Van der Sar’s fifth and Lori’s 13th.

Live on March 10th, the ranking of the best coaches in the history of the International Federation of Football History and Statistics (IFFHS) was scored according to the ranking of the best coaches in IFFHS every year from 1987 to 2022, with the first place getting 20 points every year, the 20th place getting 1 point every year, and no points except the 20th place.

Among them, the best goalkeepers in all continents are Buffon (UEFA, Italy), Daiyaya (AFC, Saudi Arabia), chilavert (South American Football Association, Paraguay), Enyema (non-FIFA, Nigeria), navas (Central and North America and Caribbean Football Association, Costa Rica) and Bosnic (Oceania Football Association, Australia).

Here are the top 50 best goalkeepers in IFFHS history:

1. Buffon (Italy)

2. casillas (Spain)

3. Neuer (German)

4. Cech (Czech Republic)

5. Van der Sar (Netherlands)

6. Schmeichel (Denmark)

7. Kahn (Germany)

8. courtois (Belgium)

9. chilavert (Paraguay)

10. Zeng Jia (Italy)

11. zubizarreta (Spain)

12. Taffarel (Brazil)

13. Lori (France)

14. Predholm (Belgium)

15. fabien barthez (France)

15. oblak (Slovenian)

17. David Seaman (England)

18. Valdez (Spain)

19. Dida (Brazil)

20. Bai Ya (Portugal)

21. navas (Costa Rica)

22. pagliuca (Italy)

23. TOLEDO (Italy)

24. Lehmann (Germany)

25. Ter stegen (Germany)

25. allison (Brazil)

Cesar (Brazil)

28. Degea (Spain)

29. illgner (Germany)

29. van breukelen (Netherlands)

31. roberto abbondanzieri (Argentina)

32. goicochea (Argentina)

33. kopke (Germany)

Campos (Mexico)

34. Peter Hilton (England)

36. Ravilly (Sweden)

37. Dasayev (Russia)

38. peruzzi (Italy)

38. Southall (Wales)

40. Reina (Spain)

41. Cheney (Brazil)

42. canizares (Spain)

42. Bravo (Chile)

44. pfaff (Belgium)

44. Handanovic (Slovenia)

46. Duddeck (Poland)

47. Akinfeev (Russia)

48. Cordoba (Colombia)

Bernard Rama (France)

48. ochoa (Mexico)

From Juve’s abandonment to Milan’s darling, relying on Ibrahimovic’s Italian expert to explain what a system player is.

# 100 Watching Teams # As long as the system players in the green world are mentioned, it is difficult to avoid the name of Italian expert nocerino. It is no exaggeration to say that the days when he fought side by side with Ibrahimovic were so beautiful that the situation after he left Ibrahimovic was so embarrassing, as if he were a different person, which fully explained what a system player is:

Antonio nocerino was born in Naples on April 9, 1985. When he was a toddler, it happened to be the peak of Diego Maradona, the legendary Argentine superstar, who led the local Naples team to break the strong enemy repeatedly and even won the Serie A championship, which made the football atmosphere in Naples, which was already very fanatical, more and more fanatical. I don’t know how many children in Naples dreamed of becoming professional players.

It stands to reason that nocerino, who lived in such an environment as a child, should fall in love with football. But the reality is that nocerino was not interested in football as a child. However, nocerino’s father, who is a fanatical die-hard fan, not only asked his son to play football, but also became the coach of a youth football team. Nocerino entered the team coached by his father when he was about 5 years old. When nocerino was 13 years old, he left his hometown of Naples and went to Turin to join Youwen Youth Training Camp.

Under the training of Youwen Youth Training Camp, nocerino became a qualified professional player. He has an excellent professional attitude and will do his best as long as he sets foot on the court. Many players don’t want to do the dirty work. nocerino always tries to do it, and his attitude is positive. At the same time, as a midfielder, he still has a sense of goal as a striker, and he can always appear in the weak position of his opponent’s defense and send the ball to the door.

However, nocerino’s shortcomings are equally obvious. As a midfielder, although he is extremely active on the defensive end, his defensive ability has never reached the top level. Compared with Davies, Vieira and Lei Dongduo, which are recognized as top midfielders, there is a gap visible to the naked eye.

After defense, talk about attack. Although nocerino has an excellent sense of smell in front of the door, it can even make many forwards feel ashamed. However, his footwork skills are far from delicate. No matter passing or passing, it is not top-notch. It is difficult for the team to expect him to organize the attack, let alone expect him to send exquisite assists.

On the whole, nocerino is certainly good among young players of the same age. However, it is just good, far from the level of the other mountains all appear dwarfs under the sky.. It is almost impossible for a fledgling nocerino to get a foothold in the star-studded Juventus first team. Therefore, nocerino was loaned out early, and successively trained in small and medium-sized clubs such as Avilino, Genoa, Catanzaro, Crotone, Messina and Piacenza, and did not return to Juve until the summer of 2007.

As we all know, at that time, Juventus had not completely got rid of the negative impact caused by the Calciopoli incident, and it could not be compared with the Bianconeri before the Calciopoli incident, regardless of the lineup configuration or team strength. This is definitely not a good thing for Juventus. But for nocerino, who returned to Juventus, the advantages definitely outweigh the disadvantages. Because this means that the competition he faces in Juventus is far less intense than when he was a rookie.

In the following 2007-08 season, nocerino got a lot of playing time and once became the main player of Juventus. However, his performance is hard to satisfy Juve. As a midfielder, he lacked creative passing, which made Juve’s midfield, which lacked creativity at that time, worse. It’s no exaggeration to say that nocerino’s performance on the offensive end is not as good as that of teammate Zaneti, who plays in the back. And his performance on the defensive end, it is also difficult to compare with Zaneti who was born in the lower back.

Nocerino’s performance not only disappointed Juve fans, but even the famous Moggi couldn’t stand it. The controversial Juventus exploits made it clear in an interview that nocerino’s performance on the pitch was unconvincing and Juventus should give Tiago some chances. Think about it, nocerino took out what kind of performance, will let Moggi make this statement?

In the summer of 2008, one year after nocerino returned to Juve, the Bianconeri made a decision to give him up and used him as a bargaining chip. Together with a large sum of cash, Amauri was traded from Palermo.

Although nocerino has been abandoned by Juventus so quickly, the competition in the team is far less intense than Palermo of the Bianconeri, and nocerino can still guarantee the main seat. As for his performance on the court, it can only be regarded as quite satisfactory, and it is definitely not outstanding. Otherwise, Milan wouldn’t have let Palermo agree to let people go with a transfer fee of 1 million euros and half of Ricardo Ferreira’s ownership.

I’m afraid even Milan didn’t expect that the performance of new signing nocerino on the court would be so fierce. When he first arrived here, he scored an endless stream of wonderful goals, dazzling people, and soon became the darling of Milan, as can be seen from his great title of "King of Promise".

However, when nocerino was imposing, few people realized that nocerino’s good performance during his time in Milan was actually closely related to the existence of Ibrahimovic. Ibrahimovic, who was at the peak at that time, had a strong personal ability. Even under the heavy defense of his opponent, he could still create a lot of scoring opportunities for nocerino. The existence of Ibrahimovic also covers up nocerino’s lack of creativity to some extent.

In the summer of 2012, Ibrahimovic bid farewell to Milan and moved to Paris Saint-Germain. However, the Rossoneri didn’t sell nocerino, who was extremely dependent on Ibrahimovic, the first time he lost Ibrahimovic. On the contrary, they had high hopes for him, and the result can be imagined. The performance of this Italian expert is extremely disappointing and he has become a systematic player in the mouth of the media and fans.

In the days that followed, although nocerino worked so hard, he could never find the feeling of playing beside Ibrahimovic, let alone becoming the main force of Milan. Even playing for Turin could not guarantee his main seat, which was an embarrassment. This situation continued until 2020, when nocerino announced his retirement.

When two siri start to communicate, do they talk to each other？

Produced by Tiger Sniffing Technology Group

Author | Qi Jian

Editor | Chen Yifan

Head picture | ｜FlagStudio

"One morning, your AI assistant sent me an interview invitation, so I asked my AI assistant to handle it. The latter thing was done by two AI systems. After many rounds of dialogue between them, the date was finalized and the conference room was booked. There was no human participation in the whole process. "

This is Michael Wooldridge’s picture of the future. He is a British AI scientist and is currently a professor of computer science at Oxford University.

What will happen to our society when artificial intelligence can communicate with each other?

During the one-hour conversation, woodridge was very interested in this topic. He is one of the top scholars in the world in the research of multi-agent systems, and "collaboration between AI" is his key research direction.

In Wooldridge’s view, although artificial intelligence has become more and more like human beings and even surpassed human beings in some fields, we still have a long way to go from real artificial intelligence, whether it is AlphaGO, which defeated human beings, or ChatGPT, which answered like a stream.

When most people are immersed in the phenomenal innovation created by OpenAI, Wooldridge appears much calmer. ChatGPT shows the power of neural network, but also shows its bottleneck-it can’t solve the huge power consumption and computing power problem, and the unsolvable AI "black box" problem."Although the deep neural network can often answer our questions perfectly, we don’t really understand why it answers like this."

AI that surpasses human beings is often called "strong artificial intelligence", while AI with universal human intelligence level is called Artificial general intelligence (AGI).Wooldridge described AGI in his book "The Complete Biography of Artificial Intelligence": AGI is roughly equivalent to a computer with all the intellectual abilities possessed by an ordinary person, including the abilities of using natural language to communicate, solve problems, reason and perceive the environment, and it is at the same or higher level of intelligence as an ordinary person. The literature about AGI usually does not involve self-consciousness or self-consciousness, so AGI is considered as a weak version of weak artificial intelligence.

However, the "weak" AGI is far from the contemporary artificial intelligence research.

"ChatGPT is a successful AI product. It is very good at tasks involving language, but that’s all. We still have a long way to go from AGI. " In a conversation with Tiger Sniff, woodridge said that deep learning enables us to build some AI programs that were unimaginable a few years ago. However, these AI programs that have made extraordinary achievements are far from the magic to push AI forward towards grand dreams, and they are not the answer to the current development problems of AGI.

Michael Wooldridge is a leading figure in the field of international artificial intelligence. He is currently the dean of the School of Computer Science of Oxford University, and has devoted himself to artificial intelligence research for more than 30 years. He served as the chairman of the International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI) from 2015 to 2017 (which is one of the top conferences in the field of artificial intelligence), and was awarded the highest honor in the British computer field-the Lovelace Medal in 2020, which is regarded as one of the three influential scholars in the British computer field.

ChatGPT is not the answer to building AGI.

Before the appearance of ChatGPT, most people thought that general artificial intelligence was very far away. In a book entitled "Intelligent Architecture" published in 2018, 23 experts in the field of AI were investigated. When answering "Which year has a 50% chance to realize general artificial intelligence", Google Engineering Director Ray Kurzweil thought it was 2029, while the time given by iRobot co-founder Rodney Brooks was 2200. The average time point predicted by all the 18 experts who answered this question is 2099.

However, in 2022, Elon Musk also expressed his views on realizing AGI in 2029. He said on Twitter, "2029 feels like a pivotal year. I’d be surprised if we don’t have AGI by then. (I feel that 2029 is a crucial year. I would be surprised if we didn’t have AGI then) "

In this regard, Gary Marcus, a well-known AI scholar, put forward five criteria to test whether AGI is realized, including: understanding movies, reading novels, being a chef, reliably carrying more than 10,000 lines of bug-free code according to natural language specifications or through interaction with non-professional users, and arbitrarily extracting proofs from mathematical literature written in natural language and converting them into symbol forms suitable for symbol verification.

Now it seems that the general big model represented by ChatGPT seems to have taken a big step towards AGI. The task of reading novels and movies seems to be just around the corner. In this regard, Professor Michael Wooldridge believes that at present, it is still difficult for human beings to achieve AGI in 2029.

Tiger sniffing: AI experts like AlphaGo have defeated human beings, but their abilities have great limitations in practical application. Today’s general big model seems to be breaking this situation. What do you think of the future development of expert AI and AGI?

Michael Wooldridge:Symbolic artificial intelligence is a mode of early artificial intelligence, that is, assuming that "intelligence" is a question about "knowledge", if you want an intelligent system, you just need to give it enough knowledge.

This model is equivalent to modeling people’s "thinking", which led the development of artificial intelligence from 1950s to the end of 1980s, and eventually evolved into an "expert system". If you want the artificial intelligence system to do something, such as translating English into Chinese, you need to master the professional knowledge of human translators first, and then use the programming language to transfer this knowledge to the computer.

This method has great limitations,He can’t solve the problem related to "perception". Perception refers to your ability to understand the world around you and explain things around you.For example, I am looking at the computer screen now. There is a bookshelf and a lamp next to me. My human intelligence can understand these things and environments, and can also describe them. However, it is very difficult to get the computer to carry out this process. This is the limitation of symbolic artificial intelligence, which performs well on the problem of knowledge accumulation, but not well on the problem of understanding.

AI recognizes cats as dogs.

Another method is artificial intelligence based on mental model. If you look at the animal’s brain or nervous system under a microscope, you will find a large number of neurons interconnected. Inspired by this huge network and neural structure, researchers tried to model the structure in the animal brain and designed a neural network similar to the animal brain. In this process, we are not modeling thinking, but modeling the brain.

Symbolic artificial intelligence of "modeling thinking" and neural network of "modeling brain" are two main artificial intelligence modes. With the support of today’s big data and computing power, the development speed of neural network is faster, and ChatGPT of OpenAI is a typical example of neural network.

The success of ChatGPT has further enhanced people’s expectations for deep neural networks, and some people even think that AGI is coming. Indeed, AGI is the goal of many artificial intelligence researchers, but I think we still have a long way to go.Although ChatGPT has a strong general ability when it comes to language issues, it is not AGI, it does not exist in the real world, and it cannot understand our world.

For example, if you start a conversation with ChatGPT now, you will go on vacation after saying one sentence. When you come back from a week’s trip, ChatGPT is still waiting patiently for you to enter the next content. It won’t realize that time has passed or what changes have taken place in the world.

Tiger Sniff: Do you think the prediction of realizing AGI in 2029 will come true?

Michael Wooldridge:Although ChatGPT can be regarded as a part of general AI to some extent, it is not the answer to building AGI. It is just a software combination that is built and optimized to perform a specific, narrow-minded task. We need more research and technological progress to realize AGI.

I am skeptical about the idea of realizing AGI in 2029. The basis of human intelligence is "being able to live in the material world and social world". For example, I can feel my coffee cup with my hands, I can have breakfast, and I can interact with anyone. But unfortunately, AI not only can’t do this, but also can’t understand the meaning of any of them. AGI has a long way to go before AI can perceive the real world.

Although the computer’s perception and understanding ability is limited, it still learns from experience and becomes an assistant to human decision-making. At present, as long as AI can solve problems like a "human assistant", what’s the point of arguing whether a computer system can "perceive and understand"?

We will eventually see a world built entirely by AI.

From driverless cars to face recognition cameras, from AI painting and AI digital people to AI writing codes and papers, it won’t take long. As long as it involves technical fields, whether it is education, science, industry, medical care or art, every industry will see the figure of artificial intelligence.

When talking about whether ChatGPT is often used, Professor Wooldridge said that ChatGPT is part of his research, so it will definitely be used frequently. However, in the process of using it, he found that ChatGPT is really a good helper for basic work and can save a lot of time in many repetitive tasks.

Tiger Sniff: Do you use ChatGPT at work? What do you think of ChatGPT Plus’s subscription mode?

Michael Wooldridge:I often use ChatGPT. I think in the next few years, ChatGPT and the general macro model may emerge thousands of different uses, and even gradually become general tools, just like web browsers and email clients.

I am also a subscriber of ChatGPT Plus. But for the price of $25, I think different people have different opinions. Every user will know whether ChatGPT is suitable for them and whether it is necessary to pay for the enhanced version only after trying it in person. For some people, they may just find it interesting, but they prefer to do things by themselves at work. For me, I find it very useful and can handle a lot of repetitive desk work. However, at present, I regard it more as part of my research.

Tiger sniffing: A new PaaS business model with big model capability as the core is being formed in today’s AI market. OpenAI’s GPT-3 gave birth to Jasper, while ChatGPT attracted Buzzfeed. Do you think a new AI ecosystem will be formed around the general big model?

Michael Wooldridge:ChatGPT has a lot of innovations at the application level, and it may soon usher in a "big explosion" of creativity.I think in a year or two, ChatGPT and similar applications will land on a large scale.Complete simple repetitive copywriting work such as text proofreading, sentence polishing, induction and summary in commercial software.

In addition, in multimodal artificial intelligence, we may see more new application scenarios. For example, a large language model combined with image recognition and image generation may play a role in the AR field. Based on the understanding of video content of large model, AI can be used to quickly generate summaries for videos and TV dramas. However, the commercialization of multimodal scenes may take some time.But we will eventually see all kinds of content generated by AI, even virtual worlds created entirely by AI.

Tiger Sniff: What conditions do you think are needed to build a company like OpenAI from scratch?

Michael Wooldridge:I think it is very difficult to start a company like OpenAI from scratch. First of all, you need huge computing resources, purchase tens of thousands of expensive top-level GPUs, and set up a supercomputer dedicated to AI. The electricity bill alone may be costly. You can also choose cloud services, but the current price of cloud computing is not cheap. Therefore, it may cost millions of dollars to train AI every time, and it needs to run for several months or even longer.

In addition, a huge amount of data is needed, which may be the data of the whole internet. How to obtain these data is also a difficult problem. Data and computing power are only the foundation, and more importantly, it is necessary to gather a group of highly sophisticated AI R&D talents.

Tiger Sniff: Which company is more powerful in AI research and development? What do you think of the technical differences between countries in AI research and development?

Michael Wooldridge:The players on this track may include internet companies, research institutions, and perhaps the government, but they are not public. At present, there are not many players who have publicly announced that they have the strength of big models, and even one hand can count them. Large technology companies are currently developing their own large-scale language models, and their technologies are relatively advanced.

So I don’t want to judge who is stronger,I don’t think there is obvious comparability between the models. The difference between them mainly lies in the rhythm of entering the market and the number of users.OpenAI’s technology is not necessarily the most advanced, but they are one year ahead in marketization, and this year’s advantage has accumulated hundreds of millions of users for him, which also makes him far ahead in user data feedback.

At present, the United States has always dominated the field of artificial intelligence. Whether it is Google or Microsoft, or even DeepMind, which was founded in the United Kingdom, now belongs to the American Alphabet (Google’s parent company).

However, in the past 40 years, China’s development in the field of AI has also been quite rapid.In the AAAI Conference (american association for artificial intelligence Conference) in 1980, there was only one paper from Hongkong, China.But today, the number of papers from China is equivalent to that from the United States.

Of course, Britain also has excellent artificial intelligence teams, but we don’t have the scale of China. We are a relatively small country, but we definitely have a world-leading research team.

This is an interesting era, and many countries have strong artificial intelligence teams.

Deep learning has entered a bottleneck.

When people discuss whether ChatGPT can replace search engines, many people think that ChatGPT’s data only covers before 2021, so it can’t get real-time data, so it can’t be competent for search tasks. But some people think that,In fact, the content of our daily search is, to a large extent, the existing knowledge before 2021. Even if the amount of data generated after that is large, the actual use demand is not high.

In fact, the amount of data used by ChatGPT is very large. Its predecessor GPT-2 model is pre-trained on 40GB of text data, while GPT-3 model is pre-trained on 45TB of text data. These pre-training data sets include various types of texts, such as news articles, novels, social media posts, etc. The large model can learn language knowledge in different fields and styles. Many practices have proved that ChatGPT is still a "doctor" who knows astronomy above and geography below, even with data before 2021.

This has also caused people to worry about the data of large-scale model training. When we want to train a larger model than ChatGPT, is the data of our world enough?futureWill the Internet be flooded with data generated by AI, thus forming a data "snake" in the process of AI training?

Ouroborosaurus is considered as "meaning infinity"

Tiger sniffing: You mentioned in your book that neural network is the most dazzling technology in machine learning. Nowadays, neural network leads us to keep moving forward in algorithms, data, especially computing power. With the progress of technology, have you seen the bottleneck of neural network development?

Michael Wooldridge:I think neural networks are facing three main challenges at present. The first is data. Tools like ChatGPT are built from a large number of corpus data, many of which come from the Internet. If you want to build a system 10 times larger than ChatGPT, you may need 10 times the amount of data.But is there so much data in our world? Where do these data come from? How to create these data?

For example, when we train a large language model, we have a lot of English data and Chinese data. However, when we want to train small languages, for example, in a small country with a population of less than 1 million like Iceland, their language data is much smaller, which will lead to the problem of insufficient data.

At the same time, when such a powerful generative AI as ChatGPT is applied on a large scale, a worrying phenomenon may occur. A lot of data on the Internet in the future may be generated by AI.When we need to use Internet data to train the next generation of AI tools, we may use data created by AI.

The next question is about computing power. If you want to train a system that is 10 times bigger than ChatGPT, you need 10 times of computing power resources.In the process of training and use, it will consume a lot of energy and produce a lot of carbon dioxide.This is also a widespread concern.

The third major challenge involves scientific progress, and we need basic scientific progress to promote the development of this technology.Just increasing data and computing resources can really push us further in the research and development of artificial intelligence, but this is not as good as the progress brought by scientific innovation. Just like learning to use fire or inventing a computer, we can really make a qualitative leap in human progress. In terms of scientific innovation, the main challenge facing deep learning in the future is how to develop more efficient neural networks.

In addition to the above three challenges, AI needs to be "interpretable". At present, human beings can’t fully understand the logic behind neural networks, and the calculation process of many problems is hidden in the "black box" of AI.Although neural networks have been able to give good answers, we don’t really understand why they give these answers.This not only hinders the research and development of neural networks, but also makes it impossible for humans to fully believe the answers provided by AI. This also includes the robustness of AI, and to use AI in this way, we need to ensure that the neural network will not collapse and get out of control in an unpredictable way.

Although the development bottleneck is in front of us, I don’t think we will see the subversion of neural networks in the short term.We don’t even know how it works yet, so it is still far from subversion.But I don’t think neural network is the answer of artificial intelligence. I think it is only one component of "complete artificial intelligence", and there must be other components, but we don’t know what they are yet.

Tiger sniffing: If computing power is one of the important factors in the development of AI, what innovative research have you seen in the research and development of AI chips?

Michael Wooldridge:Computing power is likely to be a bottleneck in the development of AI technology in the future. The energy efficiency ratio of the human brain is very high. The power of the human brain when thinking is only 20W, which is equivalent to the energy consumption of a light bulb. Compared with computers, such energy consumption can be said to be minimal.

There is a huge natural gap between AI system and natural intelligence, which needs a lot of computing power and data resources. Humans can learn more efficiently,But this "light bulb" of human beings is always only 20W, which is not a very bright light bulb.

Therefore, the challenge we face is how to make neural networks and machine learning technologies (such as ChatGPT) more efficient. At present, no matter from the point of view of software or hardware, we don’t know how to make neural network as efficient as human brain in learning, and there is still a long way to go in this regard.

When the system talks to the system directly.

Multi-agent system is an important branch of AI field, which refers to a system composed of multiple agents. These agents can interact, cooperate or compete with each other to achieve a certain goal. In multi-agent system, each agent has its own knowledge, ability and behavior, and can complete the task by communicating and cooperating with other agents.

Multi-agent system has applications in many fields, such as robot control, intelligent transportation system, power system management and so on. Its advantage is that it can realize distributed decision-making and task allocation, and improve the efficiency and robustness of the system.

Nowadays, with the blessing of AI big model, multi-agent systems and LLM in many scenarios can try to combine applications, thus greatly expanding the boundaries of AI capabilities.

Tiger sniffing: What are the points that can be combined with the AI big model and multi-agent system of the current fire?

Michael Wooldridge:My research focuses on "what happens when artificial intelligence systems communicate with each other". Most people have smartphones and AI assistants for smartphones, such as Siri, Alexa or Cortana, which we call "agents".

For example, when I want to reserve a seat in a restaurant, I will call the restaurant directly. But in the near future, Siri or other intelligent assistants can help me complete this task. Siri will call the restaurant and make a reservation on my behalf. And the idea of multi-agent system is,Why can’t Siri communicate directly with another Siri?Why not let these AI programs communicate with each other? Multi-agent system focuses on the problems involved when these AI programs communicate with each other.

The combination of multi-agent system and large model is the project we are studying. In my opinion, there is a very interesting work to be done in building a multi-agent+large language model. Can we gain higher intelligence by making large language models communicate with each other? I think this is a very interesting challenge.

For example, we need to make an appointment for a meeting now. You and I both use Siri to communicate, but you like meetings in the morning and I like meetings in the afternoon.When there is a dispute between us, how can Siri, representing you and me, work together to solve this problem?Will they negotiate? When AI not only talks to people, but also talks to other AI systems, many new problems will arise. This is the field I am studying, and I believe that multi-agent system is the future direction.

Another interesting question about multi-agents and large language models is, if AI systems only communicate with each other, do they not need human language? Can we design more effective languages for these AI systems?

However, this will lead to other problems, and we need to formulate rules for the exchange of these agents and AI programs.How should human beings?Managing an artificial intelligence society composed of AI?

Siri’s question and answer

AI can’t go to jail instead of human beings.

Michael Faraday, a British scientist, invented the electric motor in 1831, and he didn’t expect the electric chair as a torture device. Karl Benz, who obtained the automobile patent in 1886, could not have predicted that his invention would cause millions of deaths in the next century. Artificial intelligence is a universal technology: its application is only limited by our imagination.

While artificial intelligence is developing by leaps and bounds, we also need to pay attention to the potential risks and challenges that artificial intelligence may bring, such as data privacy and job loss. Therefore, while promoting the development of artificial intelligence technology, we also need to carefully consider its social and ethical impact and take corresponding measures.

If we can really build AI with human intelligence and ability, should they be regarded as equal to human beings? Should they have their own rights and freedoms? These problems need our serious consideration and discussion.

Tiger sniffing: The Chinese Internet has an interesting point: "AI can never engage in accounting or auditing. Because AI can’t go to jail. " AIGC also has such problems in copyright. AI can easily copy the painting and writing styles of human beings, and at the same time, the creation made by human beings using AI also has the problem of unclear ownership. So what do you think of the legal and moral risks of artificial intelligence?

Michael Wooldridge:The idea that AI can’t go to jail is wonderful. Some people think that AI can be their "moral agent" and be responsible for their actions. However, this idea obviously misinterprets the definition of "right and wrong" by human beings. Instead of thinking about how to create "morally responsible" AI, we should study AI in a responsible way.

AI itself cannot be responsible. Once something goes wrong with AI, those who own AI, build AI and deploy AI will be responsible. If the AI they use violates the law, or they use AI for crimes, then it must be human beings who should be sent to prison.

In addition, ChatGPT needs to strengthen supervision in privacy protection. If ChatGPT has collected information about the whole Internet, then he must have read information about each of us. For example, my social media, my books, my papers, comments made by others on social media, and even deleted information. AI may also be able to paint a portrait of everyone based on this information, thus further infringing or hurting our privacy.

At present, there are a lot of legal discussions about artificial intelligence, not just for ChatGPT. The legal issues of artificial intelligence have always existed and become increasingly important, but at present, all sectors of society are still discussing and exploring this.

I think ChatGPT or other AI technologies will become more and more common in the next few years. However, I also think we need to use it carefully to ensure that we will not lose key human skills, such as reading and writing. AI can undoubtedly help human beings to improve production efficiency and quality of life, but it cannot completely replace human thinking and creativity.

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