Original Xu Chao, I’m Chaoski.
Now that the flu is in an epidemic period, many people around me have confessed. I don’t know what the situation is like there.
According to the monitoring data of the National Influenza Center, the percentage of influenza-like cases in the total number of outpatient and emergency cases in southern and northern provinces increased compared with the previous week, which was also significantly higher than the same period last year.
Further analysis shows that the current wave of influenza viruses in the south and north are mainly influenza A virus H3N2 subtype.
Today, I will talk to you seriously about the related problems of swine flu. I hope you can do a good job of protection and avoid being recruited.
Influenza A (A) virus is a kind of influenza virus. According to the two proteins on the surface of influenza A virus, namely hemagglutinin (HA/H) and neuraminidase (Na/N), it can be divided into different subtypes. Among them, there are 18 H subtypes (H1-H18) and 11 N subtypes (N1-N11).
Three major H subtypes (H1, H2 and H3) and two N subtypes (N1 and N2) have been reported in humans. Influenza A virus subtypes commonly prevalent in humans include influenza A H1N1 and influenza A H3N2. Influenza A is the only influenza virus known to cause a global influenza pandemic.
Seasonal influenza is mainly caused by influenza A (H1N1), H3N2 and influenza B virus infection.
It is mainly transmitted by droplets of respiratory secretions, direct or indirect contact and fine particles. The incubation period after infection is usually 1-3 days.
The typical clinical features after infection are acute onset, high fever, headache, muscle aches, fatigue and mild respiratory symptoms.
Body temperature often reaches its peak in several hours to 24 hours, reaching 39-40℃, even higher or accompanied by cold, and may also be accompanied by respiratory symptoms such as dry cough, stuffy nose and runny nose.
Some patients may be accompanied by conjunctival congestion, retrosternal discomfort and gastrointestinal symptoms such as vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea or constipation.
If there are no complications, the course of the disease is mostly self-limited. After 3-4 days, the body temperature will gradually subside and the general symptoms will improve, but it may take 1-2 weeks for cough and fatigue to recover.
If it is severe influenza, the disease progresses rapidly, mainly manifested as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute kidney injury, septic shock and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome.
Among them, pneumonia is the most common complication of influenza, which can be divided into influenza virus pneumonia, secondary bacterial pneumonia or mixed pneumonia. It usually appears after 2-4 days, or the condition improves briefly after treatment, and symptoms such as fever, cough, cough with thick phlegm, and difficulty breathing reappear.
We used to hear family members in media reports say, "Isn’t it just a cold? When people came, they were fine. How could they die?" Yes, the flu is also possible.
For patients with chronic underlying diseases (such as heart failure, myocardial infarction, stroke, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, liver and kidney dysfunction), the situation may be more dangerous. Some data show that compared with healthy people of the same age, patients with chronic basic diseases are more seriously ill after being infected with influenza virus, and the risk of death is 11.3 times that of healthy people.
There are two kinds of drugs commonly used in influenza. One is antipyretics, such as ibuprofen and acetaminophen. The other is anti-influenza drugs.
At present, the antiviral treatment of influenza is relatively mature, including neuraminidase inhibitors (such as oseltamivir), hemagglutinin inhibitors (such as Abidor) and RNA polymerase inhibitors (such as mabaloxavir). For emergency patients with non-severe influenza, antiviral treatment should be carried out in time after etiological diagnosis. For emergency patients with severe and critical influenza, antiviral treatment should be started within 48 hours of onset, without waiting for the result of etiological diagnosis.
Most cases of infection with H1N1 are mild. Besides the antipyretic and antiviral treatment mentioned above, symptomatic treatment can also be carried out:
1. If there is an acute cough related to influenza, antihistamines (such as diphenhydramine) and expectorants (such as acetylcysteine and carbomestane) can be added to relieve the cough;
2. If there is acute diarrhea related to influenza, you can use oral rehydration salts, fully rehydrate, supplement intestinal probiotics, and use montmorillonite powder;
3. If there is an acute sore throat related to influenza, you can use some buccal tablets and atomized inhalation. Many people have experienced "blade throat" before, and I believe they should have some experience.
Another point is the flu vaccine. I remind everyone to get the flu vaccine almost every autumn and winter, especially children, the elderly, patients with chronic diseases and other people with high risk of flu, and pay more attention to daily protection.
Generally speaking, after 2-4 weeks of influenza vaccination, the human body will produce antibodies with protective level. Some people may ask, is it too late to get vaccinated now? How to say, as long as you can get the flu vaccine, it is recommended to get it as soon as possible to prevent subsequent infections.
Ok ~ today’s issue is more serious. Thank you for seeing the friends here. I hope everyone can protect themselves and their families and be healthy ~
Reference: The consensus of emergency experts on the diagnosis and treatment of adult influenza (2022 edition)
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