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Apple’s first folding screen is here! Not iPhone

Source: Lei Technology AI Hardware Group | Editor: Chongjia | Typesetting: Autumn

Nowadays, folding screens have long been an important segment of smart phones. This new form of product, which is different from the traditional straight board computer, is becoming a key weapon for major mobile phone manufacturers to seize the brand highland and impact the high-end market. In addition to mobile phones, the concepts and products of folding screen notebooks and folding screen tablets are gradually emerging.

Recently, Guo Ming, a well-known Apple whistleblower, revealed that the only Apple foldable product with clear development progress is the MacBook, which will be equipped with a 20.3-inch large screen.

Notebooks are naturally foldable, but the "folding" here means "closing the lid" to make the host fit the screen. What the "foldable notebook" says is that the screen of the notebook itself can be folded.

In fact, this is not a particularly novel concept. For example, ASUS launched Lingyao X Fold, which focuses on folding screen selling points.Specifically, this notebook is still the design idea of two-in-one product (notebook and tablet in one), and its physical keyboard part and screen are separated. At the same time, the screen part of Lingyao X Fold can be folded.

(Source: ASUS)

Lingyao X Fold uses a 17.3-inch OLED screen, which is the same as a normal notebook when unfolded. In the folded state, the screen size will become 12.5 inches, which can be used either as a tablet or as a 12.5-inch notebook with half for screen display and the other half as a virtual keyboard on the screen.

Lenovo, another PC giant, has also launched a folding screen notebook, and its representative product is ThinkPad X1 Fold. Its product form and design ideas are very similar to Lingyao X Fold, and it is also a variant of two-in-one products. ThinkPad X1 Fold uses a 16.3-inch OLED screen with a 12-inch display area when folded.

(Source: Lenovo)

Judging from the folding screen notebooks of these two brands, the corresponding technologies they adopted are actually relatively mature, basically upgrading the original 2-in-1 PC, and the screen part is an OLED+ hinge solution.

In the view of Lei Technology (ID: Leitech), the folding screen MacBook will adopt similar hardware design ideas. Compared with the folding screen mobile phone, a big problem on the folding screen notebook is the handling of the physical keyboard. In order to ensure the input efficiency, it is difficult to remove the physical keyboard directly from the folding screen notebook, so it can only be designed separately.

In fact, just like the folding screen mobile phone, the core problem solved by the folding screen notebook computer is the unity of "portability and large screen". Users want to go out with a big screen, but they don’t want it to occupy too much space, so "foldable" has become an ideal solution.

Compared with the Windows camp, Apple’s situation is somewhat special. At present, Apple has not launched a two-in-one MacBook product.If Apple wants to launch a 2-in-1 folding screen notebook, then the first estimation to be solved is the system and software problems.

Apple has always been resistant to notebook touch screens. Although iPadOS has been in macOS, and they are getting closer and closer, they are still two completely different operating systems, and the underlying interactive logic and software ecology are not the same thing.

Of course, in theory, Apple can insist on not providing touch interaction function for the screen of the folding screen MacBook. But in this way, the use of folding screen notebooks will be greatly limited. Originally, the detachable screen can be used independently in the form of a flat panel, which greatly increases the selling point of the folding screen notebook. If there is no touch function, then the selling point of the folding screen MacBook may only be the large screen, which will have limited appeal to users.

It is worth mentioning that Lei recently saw an interesting "invention" of Federico Viticci in an Apple community.He used the "decapitated" MacBook with no screen with the iPad, and turned the iPad into a wireless screen of the MacBook with Sidecar function. In this way, he got a DIY version of the two-in-one MacBook. The fly in the ointment is that the Sidecar function requires two devices to access the same LAN, so it is not convenient to use it when going out.

(Source: MacStories)

In Xiao Lei’s view, Apple can learn from this idea. Nowadays, all Macs have completed the migration to the ARM self-developed chip platform, and it is not difficult to get through macOS and iPadOS. After all, we can now use a large number of iPad and iPhone applications on the MacBook. Moreover, compared with the Windows camp, Apple has stronger control over its own M-series chips, and it also has advantages in heating and power consumption control, which is very suitable for products that require more space, such as folding notebooks.

Once Apple makes macOS support touch function, the playability of folding screen MacBook will be greatly increased.

Xiao Lei believes that the order of Apple’s folding products will be folding screen MacBook, folding screen iPad and folding screen iPhone. As we all know, Apple has always been more inclined to launch mature commercial products, and is not keen to release pioneering products with cutting-edge technologies but low maturity. Mobile phones are still Apple’s pillar business, and Apple will naturally have many concerns about using the iPhone to test water folding screen devices. On MacBook products, this concern will be much less.

Unlike mobile phones, the PC market itself has a small capacity. Moreover, in the PC industry, Apple’s shipment ranking is not high. In recent years, the operation of Mac business is not particularly ideal. In terms of Q1 financial report in fiscal year 2024, Apple’s Mac revenue was $7.78 billion, accounting for about 6.5% of the total revenue. In this way, Apple has more incentive to test the water folding screen technology on the MacBook.

We can find that the current mainstream folding screen notebook solution is essentially the same as the folding screen tablet. However, the folding screen notebook has an external physical keyboard than the folding screen tablet. Similarly, since Apple intends to release a folding screen MacBook, it is also a matter of course to launch a folding screen iPad.

Previously, there has been news in the supply chain that Apple’s MacBook and iPad product lines will gradually be OLED, which is naturally conducive to the subsequent emergence of corresponding folding screen devices. Apple’s current top-end flat-panel product, iPad Pro, has a maximum size of 12.9 inches. If the screen display area is to be further broken, it is an inevitable trend to move towards a folding screen form.

(Source: Apple)

As for the folding screen iPhone that everyone pays more attention to, there are also some news. At the end of last year, Korean media AlphaBiz reported that Apple executives revealed that the folding screen iPhone is expected to be released in 2026. However, this news has not been confirmed by other sources.

One of the two most critical technologies of folding screen mobile phone is the screen, and the other is the hinge. The former is not difficult for Apple, while the latter may need to accumulate experience through folding screen MacBook and folding screen iPad. At present, the proportion of shipments of folding screen mobile phones is still low, and there is still a long way to go before it is widely popularized. There are still certain opportunities for folding screen iPhone in the future.

(Source: CNET)

Of course, Xiao Lei also believes that Apple’s perennial smashing of iPhone products will affect the competitiveness of the folding screen iPhone. Now, all major manufacturers are competing for beauty in folding screen mobile phones, but the common product evolution direction is to continuously improve the basic skills on the basis of maintaining the special advantages of folding screens.

In other words, the advantage of the early folding screen is that it can be folded, but it lags behind the traditional straight flagship in terms of image, battery life, reliability and price.Now, Huawei, Xiaomi, OPPO and other head brands are constantly enhancing the image ability of folding screens and enhancing reliability through better hinge technology. Folding screen mobile phones are gradually changing from "tent-type" products to "bucket-type" products.

As a conventional flagship, iPhone has lagged behind Android models in terms of heat dissipation, signal, image and charging. For example, the problem of fever and poor battery life of the iPhone 15 Pro is largely due to the lack of progress in Apple’s heat dissipation design. If Apple Trade rashly launches a folding screen iPhone now, it will perform poorly in terms of image, signal and performance stability. Apple still has a lot of lessons to make up before making a good enough folding screen phone.

The basic form of smart phones has not changed since the release of the iPhone in early 2007. After the mobile phone manufacturers have exhausted the conventional means to increase the screen size, the new form of folding screen has become the evolution trend of the next generation of mobile phones.

For notebook products, it is much less necessary for them to evolve into folding screen form. After all, the screen size of the notebook itself is much larger than that of the mobile phone, and its requirements for portability are lower than that of the mobile phone. Therefore, Xiao Lei believes that folding screen notebooks will not become the mainstream form.

Of course, the PC industry behind the notebook itself is already facing the problem of saturated market capacity and lack of room for growth. The application of cutting-edge technologies such as folding screen and AI may inject some new hopes into this ancient product.

As for the folding screen MacBook, Xiao Lei thinks it may not be too innovative in product form. However, in terms of system and software, the integration of iPadOS and macOS is more worth looking forward to. Xiao Lei is looking forward to it. Apple can bring refreshing solutions to the industry in its own way on the system software of folding screen products. Apple is late in folding screen products, and Xiaolei will keep a close track of its products, so stay tuned.

End

Selecting insiders and manipulating competitions … God knows what China sports has experienced in recent years.

　　CCTV News:A few days ago, Fiona Fang magazine sponsored by Procuratorial Daily published an article entitled "Shocking Corruption at the Top of Sports in China". The article listed some relevant measures and some specific cases of anti-corruption in China sports since the 18th National Congress. How did China sports experience the pain of reform in the past five years? Xiaobian tells you through several stories.

　　Twin sisters regret retiring.

　　In May, 2017, twin sisters Hua Jiang Wenwen and Jiang Tingting returned to the stadium to win the gold medal at the award ceremony of the Flower Tour Double Event in the 13th National Games. Four years ago, because of a controversial referee’s score, the Wen Ting sisters, a world-famous flower swimming group, only achieved the third place in the National Games, ending their sports career with a bronze medal, while the host group Liaoning won the championship.

　　The nearly perfect performance was awarded a low score by the referee. The score of the Liaoning team on the final day of the same set of competition actions was 2.2 points higher than that of the previous day’s preliminaries. All doubts pointed to Yu Li, then the head of synchronized swimming department of the General Administration of Sports, but after the game, Yu Li said in an interview: "The referee did not violate the relevant general rules and regulations in the scoring process, so the final score was determined to be effective and the original result was maintained."

　　One year after the National Games in Liaoning, CPC Central Commission for Discipline Inspection made an all-round tour of the State Sports General Administration. After nearly one and a half months of inspection, the inspection results were announced, in which "the selection and selection of referees are not standardized, and the competition violates the principle of fairness and fraud" has become the focus of attention. On the third day after the announcement of the inspection results, the General Administration of Sports reported that an official was investigated for allegedly manipulating the competition and accepting improper bribes, and the person who was taken away was Yu Li, the former minister of the water polo department of the swimming center.

　　According to authoritative media reports, in the 12th National Games, in order to "take care of" the host team’s "gold medal task", Yu Li, the former head of the National Flower Tour Team, accepted a bribe of 200,000 yuan from the director of Liaoning Swimming Center, resulting in a major scoring dispute in the flower tour project.

　　In fact, the phenomenon of using authority to operate competitions like Yu Li is by no means a case in China sports, and it has even become a "hidden rule" in many projects. At the 10th National Games, Tian Liang, a famous diver, was suppressed because of his "bad relationship" with a leader of the China diving team. Before the game, in the referee’s lounge, a sports executive demanded that "no matter how well Tian Liang dances, he can only give 8.5 points at most". In the competition, after a perfect entry in Tian Liang, except one referee who gave a high score of 9.5 according to the standard, other referees really only gave 8.5 points. The referee who gave a high score finally lost the qualification of "best referee" and resigned soon after offending the leader.

　　Although the official has not announced the exact reason why Yu Li was taken away, what is certain is that she can’t escape the common crime of accepting bribes or corruption. According to several media reports, although Yu Li and her husband Liu Fengyan, as cadres of the General Administration of Sports, obtained two houses allocated by the General Administration, Yu Li thought that their living conditions were not good enough, and then bought a 200-square-meter commercial house at a price of nearly 51,000 square meters, but the problem is that no one knows where the money came from.

　　The table tennis player ran away angrily.

　　Donna entered the national youth team at the age of 13 and won the national youth championship at the age of 16. She was called a "genius" of table tennis by the outside world, but she never participated in the world championships and the Olympic Games in the national team. Later, she changed her nationality and went to South Korea to play. After that, she won 10 games in the Korean Table Tennis Championships, ranking first in the women’s singles.

　　"The Chinese Table Tennis Association does not pass the trials, but designates potential players in advance for centralized cultivation." According to media reports, Donna even said that South Korea is her motherland and hoped to enter the Olympic Games on behalf of South Korea, which caused great controversy.

　　According to titan sports, Yu Li was not taken alone to assist in the investigation. She was also taken with an ace coach of the weightlifting team. It is mentioned in the article that this involves an ugly drama of China weightlifting team in the 2012 London Olympic Games. At that time, Zhou Jun, a 53kg Hubei native who represented China team, failed in snatch three times, creating the worst result of China women’s volleyball since she participated in the Olympic Games in 2000, and Zhou Jun’s qualification for the Olympic Games was also the result of the struggle of local interests.

　　The similar shady selection is not a case. Take the national football team as an example. The list of players of each national team is full of disputes. As early as 2014, CPC Central Commission for Discipline Inspection also published the article "What can the professional reform do to save the" deflated football "for more than 20 years? Named the phenomenon of chaotic football management in China.

　　In this paper, the expressions such as "the examination and approval of the competition and the selection and appointment of athletes and referees are not standardized, open and transparent", "the competition violates the principle of fairness, practices fraud", "the development and operation of the competition are chaotic" and "the power of the units directly under the General Administration is highly concentrated" have aroused strong repercussions from netizens, especially the majority of football fans, and China football has once again been pushed to the forefront.

　　According to insiders, although the strength is the first in competitive sports, the selection of national team athletes has become a matter of great interest in many absolutely superior events, and it is easier to trigger some private power and money transactions.

　　The incident of Yu Li caused an uproar among the public, and also opened the tip of the iceberg of China sports corruption. On June 25th, 2015, official website, the Supervision Department of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, announced that Xiao Tian, deputy director of the State Sports General Administration, was suspected of serious violation of discipline and law and was currently under investigation. From July 2014 to July 2015, more than 10 officials were investigated in the State Sports General Administration, sports project management centers and provincial and municipal local sports bureaus in one year.

　　On March 21st, 2017, CPC Central Commission for Discipline Inspection launched a new round of inspection of the General Administration of Sport. According to the website of CPC Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, this patrol will achieve full coverage for 22 subordinate units of the State Sports General Administration, and "keeping an eye on key people, key matters and key issues" has become an important direction of this patrol. A series of chaos in the selection of athletes highlights the grim situation of corruption in sports, and it is urgent to crack down on the corruption of sports industry officials.

　　China men’s basketball team is struggling.

　　With the retirement of Yao Ming, Wang Zhizhi and other veterans, the performance of China men’s basketball team in the international arena plummeted. In addition to the reasons for the lack of success, there are deeper reasons for the fall of China men’s basketball team.

　　"It is inconceivable that even a company holding a three-person basketball game needs the approval of the Basketball Association. Internationally, the Olympic Games, NBA and other events are organized by non-governmental organizations and operated in a market-oriented manner. There is no official approval at all. "

　　According to Qiao Xinsheng, dean of the Institute of Integrity of Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, this is a disguised form of "power rent-seeking". The General Administration of Sports and the local sports authorities have formed a huge "interest chain" and turned it into a tool to gain the gray interests of the department.

　　This point was also mentioned by Yao Ming, a basketball star and member of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference, in the "National Conference". He believes that at the current stage of development, there is no inevitable reason for the approval of sports events.

　　Yao Ming pointed out that competition management and approval fees are often collected by the management centers of various sports, and the standards vary widely, which is easy to breed corruption; However, the sports management department interfered with the allocation of resources that could have been allocated by the market with the administrative hand, and also formed a monopoly objectively, which seriously hindered the enthusiasm of social forces for running sports and caused the fact of artificially setting a "threshold" for running competitions.

　　Yao Ming’s proposal was adopted in the government work report of that year. However, people in the industry believe that sports departments at all levels have implemented the examination and approval of sports events for many years, and it will be difficult to remove this "cake of interests" from internal reform.

　　In fact, it was not until the Central Inspection Team pointed out that "the examination and approval of sports events was irregular and opaque, highlighting the interests of departments" that the General Administration of Sports was forced to rectify its position, "canceling the examination and approval of commercial and mass sports events, and all other sports events were not required except national comprehensive sports events such as the National Games, the National Winter Games and the National Youth Games, and a few special types of sports events involving national security, politics, military affairs and diplomacy".

　　Facts have proved that the cumbersome examination and approval process can not provide positive energy for the management and operation of sports events itself except for breeding the soil of "power rent-seeking". In November 2016, the new director of the General Administration of Sports, Gou Zhongwen, took office, and several major reforms and anti-corruption measures were successively introduced: from February to May this year, various forms of anti-corruption special meetings and anti-corruption inspections were held for four consecutive months, and 15 subordinate units were inspected as of May 28, and more than 180 problems were pointed out; In addition, Yao Ming, Lang Ping and other professionals are allowed to settle in trade associations to lead the reform in related fields … … The effect of this series of measures can only be tested by waiting for future events and achievements. (Text/Cheng Xiang)

The earliest tea unearthed in the world has promoted the tea affair in China for 300 years, and tea culture is exquisite.

Original literature and history Jun Haoran literature and history

There are two boys serving tea in the front of (part of) Yan Yin Tu in Tang Dynasty.

An archaeological report published by the archaeological team of Shandong University officially announced the discovery of the world’s earliest tea in the ruins of the ancient city of Guo in Zoucheng, Jining, Shandong. Prior to this, the earliest tea in the world was found in the burial pit of Yangling, Emperor Liu Qi of the Han Dynasty. This discovery of Shandong University directly pushed the historical upper limit of tea drinking in China for more than 300 years. Tea, as a kind of drink, has entered the daily life of China people for a long time. With the development of history, not only tea itself and its related material forms have been developed, but also tea has entered the spiritual world of China people and become a sustenance of the elegant people. When the tea inscription meets the ancient paintings, those long-gone tea events are vividly presented in front of us. Let’s follow these ancient paintings to see the tea events in China!

Tea found in the ruins of the ancient city of Guo in Zoucheng, Jining, Shandong Province

I. Tea Affairs in Tang and Song Dynasties

China people’s acceptance of tea is a gradual process. Legend has it that tea originated from Emperor Yan Shennong, but at this time it was used as a medicinal drink. In the Warring States period, people in China had drunk tea. In the Han Dynasty, tea was still used as a medicine or food to participate in people’s lives.

The earliest and most reliable record of tea can be found in "Tong Yue" written by Wang Bao of Sichuan in the Western Han Dynasty. It records what a servant should do every day, and one of them is "brew tea does everything … Wuyang buys tea". Later, tea pots engraved with the word "tea" in the Eastern Han Dynasty were unearthed in Zhejiang and other places. This shows that tea has been quite popular in the Han Dynasty.

Although there were sporadic records about tea in Wei and Jin Dynasties, the tea culture at this time was still in a hazy period. Tea culture gradually surfaced, not only in ancient paintings, but also in systematic records, starting from the Tang Dynasty. The Classic of Tea by Lu Yu, a native of Tang Dynasty, is the first monograph on tea culture in the history of China, while The Orchid Pavilion of Xiao Yi is the first ancient painting with brew tea in the history of our country.

The Song Dynasty’s Copy of Xiao Yi Earning Lan Ting Tu, which was anonymous in Tang Dynasty.

The popularity of tea in the Tang dynasty was recorded in detail in the sealed "Feng’s Experience". It is said that during the Kaiyuan period, a monk in Lingyan Temple in Taishan forgot to eat and sleep in order to study Zen, and he relied on drinking tea to eliminate his fatigue and hunger. After the news spread, it became a custom to follow suit. From Shandong to Chang ‘an, the then capital city, and Chasiying Street, the world could beg for a cup of tea as long as it invested money.

After the publication of Lu Yu’s Tea Classics in Tang Suzong, tea culture gradually became an art, which was favored by ministers and nobles. "When the tea ceremony is popular, all princes and courtiers will drink.".

"Wu Mei Niang Legend" Tea tasting in upper class

A picture of Gong Le Tu in the Tang Dynasty depicts twelve beautiful women playing music around the table. They are holding pipa, guzheng, sheng and other musical instruments. There is a big tea basin on the table, and a maid-in-waiting is taking tea from the tea basin and giving it to everyone. A beautiful woman is making a drink, which shows that tea has become an essential thing for these princes and nobles to have fun every day.

Gong le tu in Tang dynasty

According to Lu Yu’s Book of Tea, people in the Tang Dynasty can be divided into boiled tea, nunnery tea and tea. In the Tang dynasty, people also called boiling tea fried tea. Although their names are different, their methods are generally the same. Use a "tea pot" or "tea kettle" for "boiling tea". After the tea is cooked, you need to use a tea spoon to take it to other places. The "fried tea" uses "tea pan", and after the tea is cooked, it can flow directly from the spout to the container.

Temple tea is now brewed directly with boiling water, while tea is special. In the Tang Dynasty, people mixed tea and porridge into a kind of tea porridge, and this drinking method was called "porridge".

"Xiao Yi Earns Lanting Map" Part

The painting "Xiao Yi Earns Lanting Map" tells the story of Xiao Yi defrauding Lanting Preface from the debating machine for Emperor Taizong. In the lower left corner of the painting, there is a stove boiling tea, and an old man is squatting on the ground, holding a bamboo pod and stirring the tea powder in the tea pot. The old man is on his back, his nostrils are enlarged, and he seems to appreciate the rich tea fragrance. While another teenager is holding a black lacquer lamp holder and a white porcelain bowl, leaning over and waiting to pick up the tea that is about to be fried. The instrument used by the old people to cook tea is a tea jar. After the tea is cooked, it can be poured directly into the tea cup offered by the young people. This way of frying tea was a common way in the Tang Dynasty. Besides, we can also see tea-making tools such as saucer, tea mill and tea combination in this painting.

The image expressed in "Xiao Yi Earns Lanting Map" itself is that guests come to cook tea, which inadvertently reflects the skills and related tools of tea cooking in Tang Dynasty, and shows that the method of tea cooking in Tang Dynasty has reached maturity and entered people’s daily life. It is in line with Lu Yu’s sentence: "When you are immersed in the customs, it is prosperous in the country, and the two capitals are between Jing and Yu, thinking that it is better than drinking in the house."

The maid on the left side of Tang Zhou Fang’s "Tune the piano and compose the tea" serves tea.

Song people are better at tea than Tang people, but they have the habits of Song people. Tea was divided into "piece tea" and "loose tea" by Song people. "Piece tea" is a cake that has been squeezed into cakes, while "loose tea" is tea that has not been squeezed. However, Song people like tea powder, that is, grinding tea into powder, so whether it is "piece tea" or "loose tea", it is actually tea powder.

Because of the different forms of tea, the way of drinking tea in Song Dynasty was different from that in Tang Dynasty. Tang people like to "make tea", while Song people like to "order tea". The so-called "tea-ordering" means putting the tea powder in a tea cup, adding soup to it with a tea bottle, and finally stirring the tea powder. "Ordering" also means drip. This process seems simple, but it is actually very learned. The appearance of ordering tea, a way of drinking tea, also led to the emergence of a competition about tea cooking in Song Dynasty-fighting tea.

Prepare tea map

Tea fighting, also known as "tea fighting", has several processes. At first, it is necessary to iron the tea cup, and then "paste mixing", that is, pour the tea powder into the tea cup. The most important process is to pour boiling water and stir the tea leaves with teaspoons and tea baskets. Especially when mixing with a tea basket, we should pay attention to the priorities. After mixing a bowl of good tea soup, the foam floating on the surface should be evenly spread and the foam should be close to the tea cup, which is called "biting the cup". However, if the foamed camellia is not evenly spread to reveal a gap, then the mixing fails, which is called "cloud foot scattering" or "water foot scattering".

In the Song Dynasty, we can see several people in folk costumes squatting and fighting for tea, which is a good picture of folk fighting for tea.

Song dynasty’s anonymous "dou cha tu"

Generally speaking, not all tea leaves will use tea in this way. Song Wangguan said in "Learning Forest" that "the best of tea is to sip it; Those who fry and sip it are all common ",that is to say, good tea will use the way of ordering tea, and ordinary tea will still be used to fry tea." But in fact, almost everyone in the Song Dynasty used some tea when drinking tea.

Song people like tea, from the emperor or the public to the common people. Song Huizong once painted a picture of Wen Hui Tu, which was about the literati’s elegant collection of tea. The lower part of the painting depicts several waiters waiting for soup and ordering tea, showing the literati’s love for ordering tea at that time. In addition, in order to meet their own demand for tea, the royal family in the Northern Song Dynasty specially sent a transshipment ambassador to Beiyuan, Fujian Province to make tribute tea, with the name "Dragon and Phoenix Tuancha". Song Huizong once praised it as "Dragon and Phoenix Tuancha, which is famous in the world", and even wrote "Daguan Tea Theory" himself, becoming the only emperor in China history who personally wrote the tea theory.

Wen Hui Tu by Song Huizong in Northern Song Dynasty (partial)

In the masterpiece The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, we can find tea shops everywhere in the bustling Bianjing street, which became the most important place to meet the material and spiritual needs of the citizens in the Northern Song Dynasty.

Song Zhang Zeduan’s Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival (partial)

Second, tea affairs in Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties

The Yuan Dynasty was a dynasty established by Mongolian ethnic minorities. Because of the difference in diet, the Mongols were not very interested in drinking tea. In addition, the country of the Yuan Dynasty was not very long, so the drinking habits of the Yuan Dynasty basically followed the way of drinking tea in the Song Dynasty. However, the Yuan Dynasty was a transitional stage. At that time, there was a tea-making method of "soaking soup to remove smoke and decocting it with soup" in the south, which was basically consistent with the tea-drinking method in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.

Yuan mural Dao Tong

By the Ming Dynasty, there had been another great change in the way of drinking tea in China. Because the manufacturing process of tea powder is complicated, Ming Taizu officially abolished the tribute tea in Fujian in the Song Dynasty in the 24th year of Hongwu, and changed the tea powder to make tea. The form of tea was formally changed from group tea and cake tea to loose tea, which led to the general way of making tea now. Tea powder was abandoned, and the method of ordering tea was naturally abandoned. Over time, people in the Ming Dynasty did not know what the method of ordering tea was.

Xu Cishu, a Ming Dynasty man, recorded the way of making tea in Tea and Vegetables Cooking Point: "First, hold tea in your hand, once the soup is put into the pot, throw the tea soup at hand, and cover it with a lid. When you breathe three times, you will pour it into the pot again." Although the Ming people still pay attention to the first tea soup for washing tea and the second for drinking, this way of making tea has been much simpler than the tea frying method in Tang Dynasty and the tea ordering method in Song Dynasty.

Ming anonymous "tea tasting map"

In Wen Zhiming’s Tea Tasting Map, we can see a grass hiding under a tree, two people sitting opposite each other in the cottage, a teapot and two white porcelain teacups on the middle desk, and a boy cooking water in the side room. Tea drinking is born with a quiet temperament. Drinking tea in downtown is lively, but in such an environment as painting, tea drinking pays attention to quietness, and it is the most desirable way for scholars in Ming Dynasty to discuss tea in quietness. Zhang Yuan, a Ming Dynasty scholar, said in Tea Record: "Drinking tea with few guests is more expensive, but many guests are noisy, and noisy is lacking in elegance." It can be seen that the tea drinking of Ming scholars is a static word, which also gives a different sustenance to tea tasting.

Tea Tasting Map by Wen Zhiming in Ming Dynasty (partial)

When we compare this picture with the Song Dynasty’s "Dou Cha Tu" mentioned before, we will find that with the disappearance of tea powder and tea ordering, tea sets have been simplified, and the tools needed for drinking tea in the Song Dynasty, such as tea grinders, teaspoons and tea baskets, are no longer popular, so that scholars in the middle and late Ming Dynasty will be confused when they read the tea baskets written by Song people.

Tea basket

Although the procedures for drinking tea and tea sets have been simplified, the quality of life of the literati in Ming and Qing dynasties has not decreased at all. They have played new tricks on the remaining teapots, teacups and tea cans, and the tea sets in the Ming and Qing dynasties are more exquisite and exquisite.

Teapots in the two dynasties were made of purple clay pots, and Wen Zhenheng, a Ming dynasty, said in "Chronicles of Long Stories" that "the teapot is made of sand, and the cover is neither fragrant nor cooked." Ming people also prefer small pots, it is best to have a small pot for each person at the elegant meeting, so as to enjoy themselves.

Porcelain firing in Ming and Qing Dynasties reached its peak, which was reflected in tea ware’s style. Most of tea ware are exquisite, but the style is according to the emperor’s preference. Yong Zhengdi in Qing Dynasty likes elegance, while tea sets in Yongzheng Dynasty are mostly simple in shape, fresh and elegant in style, giving people a pleasing feeling. For example, in Yongzheng period, there were two Yixing Kiln Zisha tea pots, one of which was hexagonal, with the word "before the rain" engraved on the lid, while the other was round and round, with the word "Zhulan" engraved on the lid.

Objects in Yongzheng period

However, Emperor Qianlong advocated magnificence, so the style of tea set in Qianlong Dynasty was warm and gorgeous, and glaze and other techniques were widely used, with bright colors and diverse patterns, with the intention of highlighting the weather of a prosperous generation. For example, in the Qianlong Dynasty, a sapphire Sanqing tea poem covered the bowl. The sapphire was transparent, covered with gold patterns, and the bowl was exquisitely carved with poems. But this is also generally speaking, there were gorgeous tea sets in Yongzheng Dynasty, and there were also elegant tea sets in Qianlong Dynasty.

Qianlong period artifacts

It is worth mentioning that the rulers of the Qing Dynasty kept their own tea culture-milk tea when they accepted the tea culture of the Han nationality. According to records, Manchu people still kept the habit of drinking milk tea after entering the customs, and the palace also set up a special institution to provide milk tea. The Qing emperor liked to have a cup of milk tea before eating, and the milk tea and other drinks in the court were also distributed according to the quantity. The rulers of the Qing dynasty loved milk tea, and even when they went hunting, they didn’t forget to have a drink.

Ranz Ning’s Hongli Hunting Dinner in Qing Dynasty (partial)

Wen Shijun said

The origin of tea culture in China is very early, and ancient ancestors have already recognized the medicinal function of tea. With the development of history, tea has increasingly entered people’s daily lives, and the fragrance of tea can be smelled in the deep gardens of the palace, in the streets of the streets and in the barren hills and wild forests. The rise of tea culture has led to the change of the material form of tea drinking, and also enriched the spiritual life of the ancient people, and tea tasting has been given a different spiritual sustenance by the ancient people. Therefore, China’s tea culture includes both material and spiritual aspects.

reference data

Qiu Jiping: Chinese Tea Painting, Zhejiang Photography Publishing House, 2014.

Liao Baoxiu: Tea Affairs and tea ware in Past Dynasties, Palace Museum Press, 2017.

Zhao Qiuli and Fan Feng: The Archaeological Team of Shandong University Discovered the World’s Earliest Tea Remains, Guangming Daily, November 26, 2021.

(Author: Haoran literature and history Jingsu)

The pictures used in this article are all from online search unless otherwise specified. If there is any infringement, please contact the author to delete them. Thank you!

On New Year’s Day holiday, do not leave your post and play an important role in urban construction

Original title: Urban construction without leaving the post during the New Year holiday

Workers’ Daily-Zhonggong. com reporter Liu Bing correspondent Pitengge Wang Guangfu

On December 30th, New Year’s Day holiday was ushered in. The machinery roared at the construction site of the 4.0 project of Wuhan Yinhe Temperature Control Industrial Complex, which was installed by the General Contracting Company of China Construction Third Bureau. Construction vehicles such as truck cranes and crank trucks waved long arms, and builders were busy with masonry construction, ALC batten wall installation and pipeline laying. In order to ensure the on-site construction progress and timely delivery, more than 200 builders at the site held fast to the construction front line during the New Year’s Day and greeted the arrival of the New Year with hard work.

According to reports, Wuhan Yinhe Temperature Control Industrial Complex 4.0 Project is located in Huangjinkou Industrial Park, Hanyang District, Wuhan, with a total construction area of about 84,000 square meters. The construction content includes two temperature control food storage and sorting centers, two temperature control food storage and processing centers, a new industrial center, a mechanical parking lot and supporting production-oriented working platforms and ramps. Since the project started in March, all the participants have seized the golden period of the project and improved the efficiency, quality and standards of the project construction. At present, the main structure has been fully completed, and it has smoothly entered the final stage of the secondary structure.

"There are many employees who stick to their posts during the New Year holiday. We are not special. I feel very honored to welcome the arrival of 2024 with full enthusiasm and high-quality projects." Li Haibo, a worker who participated in the construction, said.

Source: Workers Daily Client

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# Football highlights

World football plays well every Friday.

The fifth goal, Bayer Leverkusen midfielder Velc, flicked around in the penalty area and singled out the other team’s entire defense. In the face of the opponent’s five-person double-team hitting the hand near the corner, with such performance, it seems that it is difficult for Vilt to stay in the pharmaceutical factory.

The fourth goal Tristan corner kick directly scored. This goal requires not only superb footwork, but also strong self-confidence. The corner kick directly breaks the door, and the high arc is the secret.

The third ball was hung upside down in the restricted area of Mitrovic, with an excellent angle and a heavy potential. Mitrovic (Riyadh Crescent 6-0 Mumbai City AFC Champions League), such high-quality goods as Mishen can be described as a blow to the Saudi League.

Palacios volleyed at almost the same position in the second ball, stretching his movements in one go. Froumy Nensai 5-3 goias Bajia. This ball is more beautiful and gives people a greater visual impact.

The first goal, Harry Kane’s shot in the middle of the field, is bold and has the charm of Beckham’s fame with one goal. This ball is expected to be selected for this year’s puskas award.

I haven’t seen such a wonderful goal for too long.

Thank you for your appreciation, and your attention is more exciting.

Fans Travel-Embracing the World in the Language of Football

　　When the opening whistle of Arsenal’s match against Manchester City sounded, Grandma Liu, 79, sat at Emirates Stadium and cheered for the team with tens of thousands of British fans. The "Granny Liu the Gunner", who has tens of thousands of fans on Weibo, is still full of enthusiasm for football, although she is white-haired. As a fan who has been fond of Arsenal for more than 10 years, it is not the first time for Grandma Liu to visit the British competition site. In 2014, accompanied by her son, she witnessed Arsenal winning the FA Cup and participated in the subsequent celebration parade.

　　It is not uncommon for China fans to "cross the ocean" for their beloved team. The TV broadcast of European leagues was introduced to China earlier, including Premier League, Serie A, La Liga and other European leagues, which gathered huge fans. Nowadays, under the circumstance that "fans", a group with high user viscosity, gradually have certain consumption power and outbound travel is becoming more and more mature, the new model of "watching games+traveling" has mushroomed and spread rapidly in China.

　　Subsectors have developed rapidly.

　　Sports industry is an industry with great growth potential, while tourism industry is a booming sunrise industry. After the two industries are upgraded, it is "customized sports tourism". As a kind of leisure tourism, it has developed rapidly under the background of residents’ consumption upgrading in recent years. According to the data of the World Tourism Organization, this form of tourism is growing at an annual rate of 14%, which is the fastest growing sub-industry in the global tourism market, exceeding the overall growth rate of 4% to 5% of the tourism industry. There are also data predictions that in 2020, the global sports tourism market is expected to exceed 400 billion US dollars.

　　With the development of the Internet, "customized fan travel" has become a more accurate and more suitable vocabulary for the needs of the times. As soon as a tourist or a sports fan lands in the local area, the consumption generated is almost all tourism consumption. Tourism is the biggest converter, sports competitions gather people, and tourism transforms people into commercial value.

　　Most traditional travel agencies’ "game-watching tour" is nothing more than adding a ticket to the traditional travel route. This design obviously cannot meet the in-depth experience needs of die-hard fans. Die-hard fans pay attention to the service of the club and the event itself, such as the team’s cultural experience and the experience of watching the game. They are more willing to focus their consumption on improving the travel experience, rather than the situation where traditional outbound shopping consumption dominates.

　　Nowadays, many fans will buy tickets, customize travel routes and services through a wide range of professional travel service providers such as Ali Travel, Ctrip and Caesars Travel. At present, service providers that are perpendicular to the market and specialize in the business of "sports+tourism" are also favored by more and more people.

　　Lu Yiming, the founder of hardcore sports, called this kind of behavior of fans going to the stadium to watch the game and realize their dreams "pilgrimage". As the only company in China that is perpendicular to the pilgrimage of European football and has only this business, hardcore sports has cooperated with offline fan associations of many European clubs. Online, they also cooperate with some professional sports content production platforms and media community platforms to attract online users who pay attention to the events and surrounding information to watch the games. Both online and offline resources have a good consumption conversion rate.

　　Tourism itself is a service, and in the subdivision of football travel, travel service providers perpendicular to the market will take the service user experience as the top priority. The service packages launched by some travel agencies include themed products such as the father-son tour of football feelings and the honeymoon pilgrimage of couples.

　　Enthusiastic fans have a blue ocean.

　　The concept of tourism has great inclusiveness, and the boundaries of tourism become more vague and inclusive with the development of society and the upgrading of consumption. In this context, the integration of football, even sports and tourism is deeper, its scope is wider, and the boundaries between time and space are more blurred. However, due to the different core attraction, fan tourism shows several characteristics different from other tourism activities.

　　First of all, the boundaries of fan group differences are more obvious. The particularity of fan travel is that before watching the game and visiting the stadium, you have already had a love and professional understanding of this club. Compared with other tourism activities, sports tourism can be said to have certain "threshold" restrictions. There is no such detailed group division in traditional outbound sightseeing tourism, and such group differences will lead to a situation that fan tourism does not match the traditional tourism industry structure.

　　Secondly, the fans are more sticky. For most fans, watching football is an endless activity, so fans’ stickiness to the club will increase and they will pour deeper feelings into the club as a tourist destination. The increase of user stickiness means lower price sensitivity, which is similar to "fan economy". More and more fans hope to realize their dream of "small but beautiful" with the help of professional travel service providers.

　　For consumers, tourism content and consumption content have not only stayed in the previous sightseeing and leisure, but also integrated more experience, participation, interaction or deeper feelings, especially for those fans who have devoted their feelings to the club.

　　"At present, the development of domestic mainstream tourism products is still in its infancy, and the products mainly take ticketing as their core competitiveness. For some fans who yearn for a high-end tour, they may prefer to go to a certain venue for a live experience. How to embrace the blue ocean of’ fans+tourism’, which has not yet been developed, tourism service providers need to continue to explore. " Wu Geng ‘an, deputy director of the Sports and Leisure Research Institute of Huaqiao University, said.

　　Win-win cooperation in tourism and sports

　　From the perspective of supply side, existing travel agencies have explored and upgraded the tourism products on the supply side. The traditional game-watching tour only has sports events and tourist routes, which will involve some sightseeing and sports industries. However, in terms of integration experience, it is still necessary to improve the service and experience of tourism products in combination with new consumer demand.

　　Rich product design is a direction to promote the development of the whole sports tourism industry, so that specific sports tourism projects can be driven through the core event IP. At present, many China sports travel service providers, including Yaner Sports, try to reach cooperation with foreign clubs to provide fans with the opportunity to enter the training ground and witness the star training at close range. In the future, meeting with the stars, having dinner together, or holding a wedding at the stadium and letting the children be caddies holding hands when the stars appear are all goals that fans can achieve, and they are also the added value that most sports event tourism companies have yet to explore.

　　Wu Geng ‘an said: "On the whole, with the change of tourism market demand and the maturity of tourism industry, fan tourism has also ushered in new opportunities. The improvement of fans’ demand for travel experience and the corresponding development of more abundant fan travel experience projects by suppliers all play an important role in promoting the development of sports tourism. "

　　In addition, China’s huge fan market has attracted the attention of the world’s popular fan destinations. In December 2016, the British Tourism Board cooperated with the Premier League, and launched an activity of "Looking for Premier League Ace Fans" on China’s official broadcast platform Xinying Sports. The winner finally got the opportunity to go to the UK to experience the football theme tour. As far as cultural attributes are concerned, football is a "regulated language", which can be used and communicated internationally. The reason why the Premier League is accepted by the whole world is precisely because of this feature. Therefore, compared with other cultural industries, football and even sports industry has an advantage-natural internationalization characteristics and a natural international market. Premier League and other football leagues have strong international influence and international market.

　　Tourism industry and football match complement each other. Tourism needs to develop the international market and rely on event attractions as a selling point. Uefa europa league has different characteristics, gathered fans’ resources, and has a wide range of international communication effects. Its influence and attention are enough to make the host city an international tourism destination. Therefore, whether football builds the business model of sports through tourism format, extends and realizes the value of sports industry, or tourism attracts tourists through the great influence of football matches, enhances the value of tourism industry, and realizes the industrial integration of football, sports and tourism.

The 2nd Beijing International School Youth Basketball Exchange Tournament started.

The 2nd Beijing International School Youth Basketball Exchange Tournament started in Beijing Champions League Basketball Center a few days ago. Nearly 500 young players from 48 teams will compete in more than 200 games to enhance their friendship and skills.

This competition is divided into two groups, U10 and U12. There are four groups in each group, and the children will spend two weekends competing for the group competition. On October 5, each group will have a cross-elimination match until the champion is decided.

"The characteristics of our competition are to extend the net competition time of each game, and to encourage quick attack and defense, in line with international basketball." Jiao Jian, president of the Youth Committee of Beijing Basketball Association, said, "In addition, in order to better select basketball reserve talents, we are going to introduce chinese basketball association K8 technical and tactical service platform and find some good seedlings through artificial intelligence."

The Beijing International School Youth Basketball Exchange Tournament is guided by the Youth Committee of Beijing Basketball Association and supported by Shanghai Extreme Light Internet Technology Co., Ltd. It is one of the key youth basketball events in Beijing.

Small basketball is a sports activity for children according to their physiological and psychological characteristics and referring to the rules of adult basketball competition. The ball, court, basket, game time, number of people and rules used in small basketball are clearly defined. Small basketball is not only conducive to enhancing the physical fitness of children, but also to lay a good foundation for cultivating outstanding basketball reserve talents and consolidate the basketball foundation of China.

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Defender Debate： Why did China Men’s Basketball Team miss Guo Ailun’s capable hand？

Guo Ailun, a high-profile player, unexpectedly failed to make the final list in the defence battle of China men’s basketball team. This defender has made great contributions to the national team in the past games with his excellent skills and breakthrough ability. However, in the selection of Djordevich, Guo Ailun was not recognized. The selection criteria of Djordevich caused controversy, which made the China men’s basketball team look a little weak in the guard lineup, and made people question his selection decision. Guo Ailun is a highly anticipated defender. He has excellent technology and agile breakthrough ability, and often shows extraordinary personal ability in competitions. In the past games, he scored key points for China national team many times and made great contributions to the team’s important victory.

Therefore, fans have high expectations for Guo Ailun’s inclusion in the final list. However, Guo Ailun was not selected as expected in the selection process of Djordevich. Obviously, the selection criteria of players in Djordevich are related to other factors. He may pay more attention to the players’ physical condition, tactical adaptability and teamwork spirit. This preference may lead to Guo Ailun’s failure to gain recognition in the eyes of Ciorjevic. Of course, Guo Ailun’s failure to make the final list may also be influenced by other factors. Injury is a possible factor. In sports competition, injuries are inevitable, which may affect the state and performance of players.

If Guo Ailun is recovering from injury at the time of selection, then his condition may not be ideal, which also affects his chances of being included in the list. In addition, the fierce competition in the position of defender is also a factor worthy of consideration. China men’s basketball team has many excellent defenders, and the competition is fierce. In the selection process of Djordevich, other players may perform better in some aspects, thus occupying the position in the defender lineup, which led to Guo Ailun’s failure to enter the final list. Whatever the reason, Guo Ailun failed to make the final list of China men’s basketball team, which made the team look a little weak in the defender lineup. In competitive sports, every position needs excellent players to ensure the team’s tactical diversity and ability to deal with emergencies.

Guo Ailun’s absence may have a certain impact on the overall strength of the China men’s basketball team in the guard position. The outside world began to question the selection decision of Jorjevich. Fans, media and experts expressed their dissatisfaction with Guo Ailun’s failure to make the list. To some extent, these doubts reflect the public’s concern and expectation for the China men’s basketball team. As a coach, Jorjevich must face the pressure and challenges from all sides. He needs to make decisions to balance the advantages and disadvantages among players and ensure the best performance of the team on the field. Although Guo Ailun didn’t make the final list, it may not be without reason that Djordevich made the decision.

As fans and spectators, we hope that the China Men’s Basketball Team can perform well, but at the same time, we also believe that the decision of the coaching staff is well thought out. We expect China men’s basketball team to achieve better results in future competitions. No matter who stands on the court, they will go all out to win honor for the national team.

Busquets： I really want to fight with Messi again, but my future has nothing to do with him.

Live on May 21st, despite losing to Real Society at home, Barcelona, which has locked in the league title, can still celebrate the championship in Camp Nou, and busquets won the championship as the captain. Before leaving Barcelona, he was able to celebrate the hard-won league title with the fans. In an interview with the media, busquets talked about winning the championship, Messi and other topics.

About the feeling of winning the championship

We haven’t won the championship for a long time. Being able to share the championship with the fans will make you happier when you leave, and it will also make you feel more wonderful. After years of hard times, you will be proud to be able to experience all this and win the championship again. This is a mixed feeling, but also a very happy farewell. I am honored to win many championships in a big family like Barcelona. It is very important to experience all this and feel recognized when I leave and win the championship again.

Regarding whether it is possible to withdraw the decision to leave the team

I’m not like Alemanni … This is the law of football, everything is the beginning and the end. No matter where I am, I will support Barcelona from now on, and the team has another fan. I think we can start a successful era, because we have formed a United team that can compete with any opponent.

About your decision about your future.

I haven’t made a decision yet. Although there are many choices, nothing has been decided yet. I won’t make a decision until the end of the season, because from now on I will enjoy my farewell.

Is your future related to Messi?

Everyone must make his own decision, and everyone has his own life, family and wishes. Of course, I really want to fight with Messi again, but my future has nothing to do with Messi.

About your career.

Perhaps in terms of individual awards, my career has not been recognized enough, but I am not pursuing such things. I feel that I am valued by my teammates and opponents, which is very important. I never want to be the center of attention, even though I have to be for so many years.

Firmino, a free agent, has become a hot commodity in the transfer market and has received six invitation contracts.

Brazilian striker firmino announced earlier that he will leave Liverpool after his contract expires this summer. According to the news reported by Jorge Nicola, a famous Brazilian journalist, firmino has received offers from six European teams. The 31-year-old Brazilian striker has a good chance to stay in Europe.

After firmino publicly announced that he would leave the team this summer, it was widely rumored that firmino would return to play for Bajia team Corinti An, but Jorge Nicola later broke the news: "Now six European heavyweight teams have offered invitations to firmino, and it can be expected that he will stay in one of the important leagues in Europe and play for an important team next season."

Although Jorge Nicola didn’t disclose the specific names of these six "heavyweight" teams, CBS website indicated that Atletico Madrid, Inter Milan and galata Sharay were three of them who wanted to sign firmino, while Atletico Atletico and Saudi powerhouse Ainas had both been rumored to be interested in firmino.

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